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Understanding Credit Ratings
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AAA
Highest credit quality, minimal risk of default. Borrowers can obtain loans at the lowest interest rates and have an easy time issuing bonds.
AA
Very high credit quality, slightly higher risk than AAA. Borrowers still enjoy low-interest rates with very strong capacity to meet financial commitments.
A
High credit quality with a bit more risk than AA. Borrowers are in a strong position but interest rates may be slightly higher.
BBB
Good credit quality. It's the lowest investment-grade rating where borrowers face moderate risk and interest rates are higher than A-rated borrowers.
BB
Marginal credit quality. Considered speculative and at risk during economic downturns. Interest rates are higher, reflecting increased risk to lenders.
B
Speculative credit quality. High risk of default with borrowers facing high-interest rates and often reflecting financial difficulties.
CCC
Poor credit quality. A high risk of default; only borrowers willing to pay very high-interest rates can secure credit.
CC
Very poor credit quality, extremely high default risk. Loans and bonds usually have prohibitive interest rates, if offered at all.
C
Lowest credit quality with imminent default risk, or already in default but still operating. Borrowers find it nearly impossible to secure loans.
D
Default rating indicates the borrower has failed to meet financial obligations. Lenders generally do not offer credit to these borrowers.
Investment Grade
Bonds rated BBB- or above by S&P and Fitch, or Baa3 or above by Moody’s. Represent low to moderate risk and are favored by conservative investors.
Speculative Grade
Bonds rated BB+ or below by S&P and Fitch, or Ba1 or below by Moody’s. Carry a higher risk of default and interest rates are generally higher.
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