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The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. It's a broad measure of overall domestic production and a key indicator of a country's economic health.

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care. It is often used as a measure of inflation.

The percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment. It is important because it provides insights into the health of an economy and is used by policymakers to gauge economic distress.

The difference between the value of a country's exports and imports over a certain period. A positive balance means a country exports more than it imports (trade surplus), while a negative balance indicates a trade deficit.

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to limit inflation — and avoid deflation — to keep the economy running smoothly.

An indicator of the economic health of the manufacturing sector. The PMI is based on five major indicators: new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and the employment environment.

The amount charged, expressed as a percentage of principal, by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets. Interest rates are typically noted on an annual basis, known as the annual percentage rate (APR).

The total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country. It consists of GDP plus income earned by residents from investments abroad minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.

Investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country. FDI can take the form of establishing business operations or acquiring business assets in the other country.

A statistical measurement of consumers' feelings about current and future economic conditions, used as an indicator of the overall state of the economy. High consumer confidence levels are associated with higher consumer spending.

A measure of the output of the industrial sector of the economy which includes mining, manufacturing, and utilities. It is an indicator of the industrial capacity of a country and its economic productivity.

An economic indicator that measures the total receipts of retail stores from samples representing different types and sizes of retailers throughout a country. It's an important indicator because it shows the performance of the retail sector at a given time and provides insight into consumer spending patterns.

The value of one nation's currency versus the currency of another nation or economic zone. Exchange rates affect the price of exported and imported goods and are a vital indicator of a country's economic health and competitiveness.

A measure of business expectations for the future economic situation, such as production, sales, orders, and employment. A high level of business confidence may signal future economic growth, while low confidence may signal economic stagnation or contraction.

The sum of net income from abroad, net current transfers, and net receipts from exports and imports of goods and services. It indicates a country's foreign trade balance in goods, services, investment income, and current transfers.

The total amount of money that a government owes to creditors. It is an indication of a country's ability to make future payments and service its existing debt, and can affect the country's credit rating and borrowing costs.

A measure of economic performance that compares the amount of goods and services produced (output) with the number of hours worked to produce those goods and services. Increases in labor productivity can help reduce the cost of production and increase profitability.

Aggregated price of selected stocks that are used to give an indication of an economy's financial market and general economic health. Popular global indexes include the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and NASDAQ in the United States.

Statistics that provide information on the health of the housing market. These can include home prices, building permits, housing starts, and sales rates. Housing markets can significantly influence consumer wealth and spending.

The prices of raw materials such as crude oil, metals, and agricultural products. These prices influence the cost of goods and services in an economy and can be indicators of inflation or deflation.

The total income earned by a nation's residents from the production of goods and services. It is equivalent to Gross National Income (GNI) minus depreciation of assets, providing a clearer measure of the income available to residents.

The total amount of public expenditure by the government on goods and services. It can be a powerful tool for influencing a country's economic performance, including productivity levels and demand for goods and services.

A summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. It's used to rank countries into different tiers of human development.

An aggregate of various economic indicators including GDP, CPI, GNP, etc. that together provide an overview of the economic optimism or pessimism in business and consumers. It can predict the future state of economies.

An evaluation made by a credit rating agency regarding the likelihood of a country meeting its debt obligations. It affects a country's ability to borrow money on the international markets and the terms of that borrowing.

The difference between what a government spends (expenditure) and what it collects (revenue). A deficit occurs when expenditures exceed revenue, and a surplus occurs when revenue exceeds expenditures.

The total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. It includes cash, currency, and certain types of bank accounts. Changes in money supply can influence inflation and economic growth.

The increase in the ratio of the total gross output of goods and services to total hours worked over a specific time period. Improvement in productivity is a key factor in economic growth and competitiveness.