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The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

The tendency for individuals to believe that it is inappropriate or immoral to purchase foreign-made goods and services.

A business approach or philosophy that focuses on identifying and meeting the stated or hidden needs or wants of customers.

The process by which a company determines the cost of operational activities in order to discover competitive advantages.

The process of understanding your competitors' strengths and weaknesses in relation to your own and the market conditions.

A type of intergovernmental agreement where barriers to trade, such as tariffs and import quotas, are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

A business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task, such as entry into a foreign market.

A business arrangement in which one company gives another company permission to manufacture its product for a specified payment.

Taxes or duties that are applied to goods leaving a country.

The way a brand is perceived and the presence it has in international markets.

Government-imposed trade restrictions that limit the number or value of goods that can be imported or exported during a particular time period.

A strategy that suggests that companies should market products and services differently in each of the national markets they operate in.

Events where companies in a specific industry gather to showcase their products, service offerings, and conduct business.

The application of marketing principles in more than one country, by companies overseas or across national borders.

An investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country.

The set of controllable tactical marketing tools (product, price, place, and promotion) that a business blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.

Frameworks for understanding the differences in culture across countries, often used in international business to adapt marketing strategies.

The process of determining the most appropriate price for a product in different international markets.

A type of licensing that involves a franchisor offering their business model and brand to a franchisee in exchange for a fee and ongoing royalties.

The decision to exit a country or region by a company when it does not see potential growth or profits.

Regulations and policies other than tariffs that countries apply to control the quantity of imports or exports.

An international marketing strategy that assumes the way the product is used and the needs it satisfies are the same across national boundaries.

Marketing that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

A Japanese term describing a network of businesses that own stakes in one another as a means of mutual security, often including manufacturers and suppliers.

A market where goods are sold legally, but outside of the manufacturer's authorized trading channels.

The added value that a brand name gives to a product beyond the functional benefits provided.

A system that analyzes and assesses marketing information, gathered continuously from sources inside and outside an organization.

Using intermediaries to handle the export of goods and services to foreign markets.

A strategy that involves positioning a product as a symbol of a particular global culture or segment.

Creating a distinct market identity for a product or service, making it stand out from competitors.

The value of one currency for the purpose of conversion to another.

The process of dividing a market of potential customers into groups, or segments, based on different characteristics and countries.

A brand that is marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing strategies.

The planned method of delivering goods or services to a new target market and distributing them there.

Taxes imposed by a government on goods and services imported from other countries.

The methods a company uses to get its products to international customers, including channels of distribution, logistics, and retail formats.

Modifying a product or its presentation to cater to local tastes, customs, or market conditions when entering a foreign market.

The influence that the place of manufacturing, assembly, or design of a product has on a consumer’s perception of the product.

The study of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies.

The practice of marketing goods and services produced in one country to other countries.

A theory explaining how products mature and move through international markets over time.

The cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.

Selling goods directly to a buyer in an international market without the use of intermediaries.

Setting prices for transactions between companies that are part of the same corporate entity, especially in different countries.

The division of a market into different segments based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics.

The process by which consumers or businesses start using a new product, service, or idea.

A short-sighted and inward-looking approach to marketing that focuses on the needs of the company instead of defining the company and its products in terms of the customers' needs and wants.