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During the Maturity and Decline stages, firms focus on reducing production and operational costs to maintain competitiveness.

Products developed in and for emerging markets may eventually migrate back to developed markets, often as cost-effective solutions.

New products are developed and introduced in the innovator's home country, focusing on a high-income target market.

Companies must navigate different regulations and compliance requirements in each international market they enter.

Firms aim for economies of scale by producing standardized products for the global market, reducing costs and simplifying the product lineup.

Ensuring the company's innovations and branding are legally protected in international markets to safeguard competitive advantage.

The product begins to see rapid market acceptance and improved profitability as efficiencies increase.

In the growth stage, companies focus on expanding their market reach, often by exporting to new markets or forming strategic alliances.

During latter stages, markets may become saturated, indicating the need for product innovation or the development of new markets.

The product adoption process whereby the product spreads through different markets over time.

Tariffs, trade agreements, and economic blocs can influence where companies choose to produce and sell their products.

Developing a brand strategy that maintains consistency while being flexible enough to adapt to local market nuances.

Companies alter the product to suit different international markets' preferences and regulations during the growth and maturity stages.

Companies consider the environmental and social impacts of their products at all stages, which influences design, production, and end-of-life management.

Companies launch new products in a single market, often with high costs and low levels of production.

The product widely accepted internationally, competition intensifies, and companies focus on differentiation and cost reductions.

The product faces reduced demand, possibly due to market saturation or new technology, leading firms to consider discontinuation or adaptation.

Companies may look to lower-cost international production locations to maintain margins during competitive and mature stages.

As the product enters new markets, adaptations are made to meet local tastes, legal requirements, or other market-specific needs.