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Advertising Ethics

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Testimonial Authenticity

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Testimonials in advertising should be from real customers with genuine experiences. Unethical ads might use fake testimonials or paid actors without disclosure.

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Behavioral Targeting and Privacy

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While targeting ads based on behavior can be effective, consumers' privacy must be respected. Unethical practices include invasive data collection or lack of transparency in data usage.

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Comparative Advertising

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While comparison can be valid, ads must not unfairly discredit competitors' products. Unethical cases involve false comparisons or unfounded superiority claims.

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Sexual Content in Advertising

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Use of sexual content should be pertinent and not merely for shock value or objectification. Unethical usage includes gratuitous sexual imagery or exploitation.

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Promotion of Unhealthy Lifestyles

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Advertisements should not promote activities or choices that are widely recognized as unhealthy. Unethical ads may encourage excessive consumption, smoking, or other harmful behaviors.

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Use of Fear Appeals

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Ethical ads should not manipulate consumers' fear excessively or inappropriately. Unethical fear appeals play on irrational fears or create undue anxiety.

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Puffery vs. Deception

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Some exaggeration (puffery) is legal, but claiming false features or results is unethical. Unethical practices might cross this line, misleading about the product's quality or capabilities.

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Environmental Claims

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Advertisements should truthfully convey a product's environmental impact. 'Greenwashing'—making false claims about eco-friendliness—is considered unethical.

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Manipulative Sales Tactics

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Sales tactics in ads should be fair and honest, not pushing consumers into rushed decisions. Examples of unethical tactics include 'bait and switch' or false scarcity.

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Use of Stereotypes

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Ethical advertising avoids exploiting or reinforcing stereotypes. Unethical ads may perpetuate gender roles, racial biases, or other stereotypes for a product's appeal.

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Disclosures and Disclaimers

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Ads should include all necessary disclaimers and disclosures to inform consumers. Unethical practices may involve fine print that is intentionally unclear or misleading.

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Subliminal Messaging

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Subliminal ads are generally considered unethical as they attempt to influence consumers unconsciously. These include flashes of images or sounds that are not consciously detected.

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Advertising to Children

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Marketers should be cautious when targeting children, ensuring responsible content. Unethical approaches could be over-promising, exploiting naivety, or encouraging poor nutritional habits.

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Price Transparency

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Advertising should disclose the full price of a product/service, including any additional fees. Examples of unethical practices include hidden costs or misleading 'free' claims.

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Diversity and Representation

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Ethical advertising includes diverse representation and avoids tokenism. Unethical representation might involve perpetuating clichés or lack of true diversity.

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Truthfulness in Advertising

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Ads should accurately represent products/services without deception. Unethical practices may include misleading claims, fake testimonials, or manipulated before-and-after images.

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Health and Beauty Claims

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Claims about health or beauty benefits should be substantiated by evidence. Unethical ads could include unverified claims or manipulation of scientific data.

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Use of Emotional Appeals

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While leveraging emotions can be legitimate, it should not exploit vulnerabilities. Unethical practices might include manipulation of consumers' insecurities or false emotional connections.

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Marketing of Harmful Products

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Ads for products like tobacco or alcohol should not target vulnerable populations or glamorize usage. Unethical marketing might include targeting minors or downplaying health risks.

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Transparency of Sponsorship

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Ads should disclose any sponsorship or paid endorsements to avoid hidden influence. Unethical practices include not disclosing sponsorships or astroturfing.

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