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Advertising Ethics
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Flashcards
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Testimonial Authenticity
Testimonials in advertising should be from real customers with genuine experiences. Unethical ads might use fake testimonials or paid actors without disclosure.
Behavioral Targeting and Privacy
While targeting ads based on behavior can be effective, consumers' privacy must be respected. Unethical practices include invasive data collection or lack of transparency in data usage.
Comparative Advertising
While comparison can be valid, ads must not unfairly discredit competitors' products. Unethical cases involve false comparisons or unfounded superiority claims.
Sexual Content in Advertising
Use of sexual content should be pertinent and not merely for shock value or objectification. Unethical usage includes gratuitous sexual imagery or exploitation.
Promotion of Unhealthy Lifestyles
Advertisements should not promote activities or choices that are widely recognized as unhealthy. Unethical ads may encourage excessive consumption, smoking, or other harmful behaviors.
Use of Fear Appeals
Ethical ads should not manipulate consumers' fear excessively or inappropriately. Unethical fear appeals play on irrational fears or create undue anxiety.
Puffery vs. Deception
Some exaggeration (puffery) is legal, but claiming false features or results is unethical. Unethical practices might cross this line, misleading about the product's quality or capabilities.
Environmental Claims
Advertisements should truthfully convey a product's environmental impact. 'Greenwashing'—making false claims about eco-friendliness—is considered unethical.
Manipulative Sales Tactics
Sales tactics in ads should be fair and honest, not pushing consumers into rushed decisions. Examples of unethical tactics include 'bait and switch' or false scarcity.
Use of Stereotypes
Ethical advertising avoids exploiting or reinforcing stereotypes. Unethical ads may perpetuate gender roles, racial biases, or other stereotypes for a product's appeal.
Disclosures and Disclaimers
Ads should include all necessary disclaimers and disclosures to inform consumers. Unethical practices may involve fine print that is intentionally unclear or misleading.
Subliminal Messaging
Subliminal ads are generally considered unethical as they attempt to influence consumers unconsciously. These include flashes of images or sounds that are not consciously detected.
Advertising to Children
Marketers should be cautious when targeting children, ensuring responsible content. Unethical approaches could be over-promising, exploiting naivety, or encouraging poor nutritional habits.
Price Transparency
Advertising should disclose the full price of a product/service, including any additional fees. Examples of unethical practices include hidden costs or misleading 'free' claims.
Diversity and Representation
Ethical advertising includes diverse representation and avoids tokenism. Unethical representation might involve perpetuating clichés or lack of true diversity.
Truthfulness in Advertising
Ads should accurately represent products/services without deception. Unethical practices may include misleading claims, fake testimonials, or manipulated before-and-after images.
Health and Beauty Claims
Claims about health or beauty benefits should be substantiated by evidence. Unethical ads could include unverified claims or manipulation of scientific data.
Use of Emotional Appeals
While leveraging emotions can be legitimate, it should not exploit vulnerabilities. Unethical practices might include manipulation of consumers' insecurities or false emotional connections.
Marketing of Harmful Products
Ads for products like tobacco or alcohol should not target vulnerable populations or glamorize usage. Unethical marketing might include targeting minors or downplaying health risks.
Transparency of Sponsorship
Ads should disclose any sponsorship or paid endorsements to avoid hidden influence. Unethical practices include not disclosing sponsorships or astroturfing.
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