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Intellectual Property in Media

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Copyright Notice

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A statement placed on works expressing and claiming copyright, typically including the copyright symbol (©), the year of first publication, and the name of the copyright owner.

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Copyright Infringement

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The violation of the exclusive rights granted by copyright law to the creator of the copyrighted material, typically through unauthorized reproduction or distribution.

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Royalties

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Payments made to authors, musicians, inventors, and other creators for the use of their work, usually defined as a percentage of revenue or a fixed amount per unit sold.

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Copyright

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A legal mechanism to protect the original works of authors, composers, and artists, which gives them exclusive rights to use and distribute their creations.

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Cease and Desist Letter

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A letter sent to an individual or business to stop purportedly illegal activity and not to restart it, serving as a warning before potential legal action.

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Trade Secret

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Information that companies keep secret to give them a competitive edge, including formulas, practices, processes, or designs that are not publicly known.

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Open Source Licensing

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A type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint, or design to be used, modified, or shared under defined terms and conditions.

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Secondary Liability

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A form of indirect infringement where a party contributes to or induces another to infringe a copyright, such as by operating a service or providing a tool used for infringing activities.

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Licensing

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The granting of permission by the owner of intellectual property for another party to use the property subject to agreed terms and conditions, without transferring ownership.

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Derivative Works

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A work based on or derived from one or more existing works (such as a sequel or a translation), which is also protected by copyright, subject to the original creator's rights.

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Public Domain

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Creative works not protected by intellectual property laws and can be freely used by anyone without permission or paying royalties.

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Patent Troll

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A derogatory term for a person or company that obtains the rights to one or more patents in order to profit by means of licensing or litigation rather than producing their own goods or services.

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Copyright Term Extension

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The lengthening of the duration of copyright protection beyond the original term, often resulting from legislative changes and influenced by industry lobbying.

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Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA)

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A legal contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that parties wish to share with one another but restrict access to or by third parties.

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Trademark

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A symbol, word, or phrase legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product, protecting brand identity from being used by others in a way that could cause confusion.

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Fair Use Doctrine

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A legal principle that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research.

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Moral Rights

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Rights of creators to have their work properly attributed to them and to object to derogatory treatments of their work that could be prejudicial to their honor or reputation.

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Digital Rights Management (DRM)

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Technological solutions used to control the use of digital content and devices after sale, preventing unauthorized use and duplication of digital media.

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Performing Rights

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Rights to perform publicly a copyrighted musical work, such as a song or a symphony, including on radio, TV, and the Internet, typically managed by performing rights organizations.

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Patent

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A patent grants inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a limited period, typically 20 years, preventing others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission.

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