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Intellectual Property in Media
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Copyright Notice
A statement placed on works expressing and claiming copyright, typically including the copyright symbol (©), the year of first publication, and the name of the copyright owner.
Copyright Infringement
The violation of the exclusive rights granted by copyright law to the creator of the copyrighted material, typically through unauthorized reproduction or distribution.
Royalties
Payments made to authors, musicians, inventors, and other creators for the use of their work, usually defined as a percentage of revenue or a fixed amount per unit sold.
Copyright
A legal mechanism to protect the original works of authors, composers, and artists, which gives them exclusive rights to use and distribute their creations.
Cease and Desist Letter
A letter sent to an individual or business to stop purportedly illegal activity and not to restart it, serving as a warning before potential legal action.
Trade Secret
Information that companies keep secret to give them a competitive edge, including formulas, practices, processes, or designs that are not publicly known.
Open Source Licensing
A type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint, or design to be used, modified, or shared under defined terms and conditions.
Secondary Liability
A form of indirect infringement where a party contributes to or induces another to infringe a copyright, such as by operating a service or providing a tool used for infringing activities.
Licensing
The granting of permission by the owner of intellectual property for another party to use the property subject to agreed terms and conditions, without transferring ownership.
Derivative Works
A work based on or derived from one or more existing works (such as a sequel or a translation), which is also protected by copyright, subject to the original creator's rights.
Public Domain
Creative works not protected by intellectual property laws and can be freely used by anyone without permission or paying royalties.
Patent Troll
A derogatory term for a person or company that obtains the rights to one or more patents in order to profit by means of licensing or litigation rather than producing their own goods or services.
Copyright Term Extension
The lengthening of the duration of copyright protection beyond the original term, often resulting from legislative changes and influenced by industry lobbying.
Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA)
A legal contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that parties wish to share with one another but restrict access to or by third parties.
Trademark
A symbol, word, or phrase legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product, protecting brand identity from being used by others in a way that could cause confusion.
Fair Use Doctrine
A legal principle that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research.
Moral Rights
Rights of creators to have their work properly attributed to them and to object to derogatory treatments of their work that could be prejudicial to their honor or reputation.
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Technological solutions used to control the use of digital content and devices after sale, preventing unauthorized use and duplication of digital media.
Performing Rights
Rights to perform publicly a copyrighted musical work, such as a song or a symphony, including on radio, TV, and the Internet, typically managed by performing rights organizations.
Patent
A patent grants inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a limited period, typically 20 years, preventing others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission.
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