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Media Pluralism and Diversity
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Freedom of the Press
The right for journalists to report facts without undue censorship. It is an ethical cornerstone for pluralism and a diversity of viewpoints within the media landscape.
Fake News and Disinformation
Deliberate disinformation spread via traditional or digital media. It obstructs ethical media practices by undermining trust and distorting the media's diversity.
Echo Chambers
Situations in which beliefs are amplified and reinforced by communication and repetition inside a closed system. Ethically, they pose a challenge to the diversity of discourse and open exchange of ideas.
Cross-media Ownership
Occurs when one entity owns multiple types of media outlets. Ethical implications include potential bias transmission across different platforms and risk of homogenizing public discourse.
Representation and Diversity
Refers to the fair and equal portrayal of various cultures, identities, and perspectives in media content. Ethically significant for promoting inclusivity and undermining stereotypes.
Media Activism
The use of media tools to promote social or political change. While it enables minority voices to be heard, ethical issues arise when it becomes a tool for propaganda or suppresses opposing viewpoints.
Media Literacy
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. Ethically important as it encourages critical thinking and informed engagement with media.
Public Service Broadcasting
Media dedicated to serving the public interest, with an emphasis on universality, diversity, and independence. Ethically, it is important to maintain a balanced and diverse media landscape.
Community Media
Media outlets that are owned, operated, and produced by communities typically underrepresented in mainstream media. They are ethically vital for ensuring local perspectives are heard.
Horizontal Integration
This occurs when a company owns different businesses in the same level of the value chain in an industry. Ethically, it reduces the diversity of media outputs and restricts competition.
Algorithmic Bias
Biases embedded in automated systems that can impact the visibility and distribution of information. Raises ethical issues around the fairness and diversity of information encountered online.
Media Globalization
Widespread international dissemination of media content. While it expands reach, ethical concerns arise when it leads to cultural homogenization and undermines local media ecosystems.
Gatekeeping
The process by which a small number of people or corporations control what information is presented to the public, which may bias the presentation of content and limits perspective richness.
Media Monopoly
When a single entity dominates media production or distribution, limiting the diversity of content available. Its prevalence poses significant ethical challenges to democratic communication.
Concentration of Media Ownership
The phenomenon where fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. This poses ethical issues as it can limit the diversity of perspectives and give disproportionate influence to owners.
Digital Divide
The gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology, and those that don't or have restricted access. This is ethically relevant as it affects media diversity and inclusivity.
Net Neutrality
The principle that internet service providers should enable access to all content regardless of the source. It supports ethical media by ensuring pluralism and equal opportunity for all voices.
Media Ethics Codes
Guidelines that govern the conduct of media professionals. They are crucial for maintaining responsibility, fairness, and respect for diversity in media reporting and production.
Media Transparency
Openness about funding sources, processes, and ownership. Transparency is ethically critical for audience trust and supporting a diverse media environment.
Vertical Integration
When a company owns the supply chain for its products, it influences both the production and distribution processes. This raises ethical concerns about accessibility and diversity of viewpoints.
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