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Spatial Computing in AR
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Six Degrees of Freedom (6DoF)
6DoF refers to the freedom of movement in three-dimensional space. In AR, it allows users to move around and see virtual objects from all angles, as if they are actually present in the real world.
SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)
SLAM is a computational method that helps AR devices understand the environment by creating a map and tracking their own movement in it simultaneously, enabling accurate positioning of virtual content.
Occlusion
Occlusion in AR refers to the ability of an AR system to correctly display virtual objects behind real-world ones, enhancing the realism by correctly mimicking the way objects are blocked from view.
Anchors
Anchors are fixed points in the real world used by AR applications to attach virtual content, ensuring consistent positioning and orientation relative to the environment.
Plane Detection
Plane Detection is a spatial computing task where AR devices identify horizontal and vertical surfaces in the environment to accurately place virtual objects upon them.
Point Clouds
Point Clouds consist of a set of data points in space, representing the external surfaces of objects. In AR, they are used to create three-dimensional models of the environment.
Spatial Audio
Spatial Audio simulates how sound behaves in a physical space, providing a 3D sound experience. In AR, it makes the virtual content more immersive by aligning audio with visual cues.
Collaborative AR
Collaborative AR enables multiple users to interact with the same augmented content simultaneously, often with spatial computing ensuring content is consistently positioned for all participants.
Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO)
VIO combines camera visual information with inertial sensors to track the spatial movement and orientation of an AR device, enabling precise positioning without GPS.
Raycasting
Raycasting involves projecting a virtual ray from a point in space to detect surfaces or objects that intersect with it, commonly used in AR for selecting or placing virtual objects.
Light Estimation
Light Estimation allows AR applications to estimate the real-world lighting conditions, which can be used to adjust the lighting of virtual objects for more natural integration.
Head Pose Estimation
This technique estimates the orientation and position of the user's head for perspective-correct rendering in AR, providing a natural and responsive experience.
Gesture Recognition
Gesture Recognition in AR refers to the ability of systems to understand and respond to human gestures, allowing users to interact with virtual content intuitively.
Depth Sensing
Depth Sensing involves measuring the distance to surfaces within an environment, crucial for realistically placing AR objects and understanding the 3D structure of the surroundings.
Environmental Understanding
Environmental Understanding refers to the AR technology's ability to recognize and interpret features in the user's surrounding space, which can be used for smarter virtual content interaction.
Marker-based Tracking
Marker-based Tracking uses visual markers to trigger the display of augmented content. These markers are recognized by the AR system to accurately position virtual objects.
Markerless Tracking
Unlike marker-based tracking, Markerless Tracking relies on natural features of the environment to place augmented content, offering more flexibility in AR experiences.
Spatial Mapping
Spatial Mapping is the process of creating a digital map of the surrounding 3D space to enable the precise placement of AR objects in relation to real-world structures.
Content Anchoring
Content Anchoring allows virtual objects to stay in place relative to the real world as the user moves, augmenting their perception of a consistent and stable AR environment.
Reality-Virtuality Continuum
This concept, introduced by Paul Milgram, categorizes the range from completely real to completely virtual environments, with AR occupying the space between the two extremes.
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