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Continuations represent points in a program where execution can continue. Scala offers a mechanism to capture continuations with a library support.

A view in Scala provides a lazy version of a collection, where transformations will not be applied until they are explicitly forced or an element is accessed.

The Try and Either types are used to represent computations that might result in a failure. Try has Success and Failure cases, while Either has Left and Right (by convention, Right is successful).

Partial functions are functions that are only defined for certain values of their input type. They are represented in Scala using 'PartialFunction' type.

A monad is a design pattern used to handle program control flow in a functional way, allowing for sequential operations.

Tail recursion is a specific form of recursion where the recursive call is the last operation in the function, allowing for optimization by the compiler.

Lazy evaluation delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed, potentially reducing computing overhead.

Immutable collections in Scala do not allow modification of their elements once created. They can be found in the 'scala.collection.immutable' package.

Value discarding occurs when the result of an expression is not used, often due to the side effects the expression performs.

Parallel collections in Scala allow for easy parallelization of operations over a collection, utilizing multi-core architecture effectively.

Currying is the technique of transforming a function with multiple arguments into a sequence of functions, each with a single argument.

Case classes are special types of classes in Scala useful in pattern matching, automatically providing functionality like equality, serialization, and hashCode.

A closure is a function that captures the bindings of free variables in its lexical context.

Partial function application refers to the process of fixing a number of arguments to a function, producing another function of smaller arity.

Pattern matching is a mechanism for checking a value against a pattern and deconstructing complex data structures.

Scala's type inference system allows the language to deduce types automatically, reducing the amount of type annotations needed by the programmer.

Higher-order functions are functions that can take other functions as parameters and/or return a function as a result.

Type classes are a pattern that allow us to extend existing classes with new behavior, without using inheritance or altering the class itself.

The Option type in Scala is used to represent optional values that could either be something (Some) or nothing (None), providing a safer alternative to null.

For-comprehensions in Scala provide a clearer syntax for composing multiple operations with monads, including Options, Try, Lists, etc.

Streams in Scala are lazy lists where elements are computed on-demand. Useful for representing infinite sequences.

In Scala, 'val' is used to declare a variable that is immutable, meaning its value cannot be changed once assigned.

A pure function is a function where the return value is determined solely by its input values, without observable side effects.

Functional composition is the act of combining simple functions to build more complex functions.

ADTs are a kind of composite type used in functional programming, consisting of product types (e.g., case classes) and sum types (e.g., sealed trait hierarchies).

First-class functions are treated as first-class citizens, meaning they can be assigned to variables, passed as arguments, and returned from other functions.

Implicit conversions allow automatic conversion between compatible types, using functions marked with the 'implicit' keyword.