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SQL Commands

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SELECT

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Retrieve data from one or more tables.

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UPDATE

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Modify existing data within a table.

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DELETE

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Remove existing data from a table.

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INSERT INTO

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Add new data into a table.

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CREATE TABLE

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Create a new table in the database.

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ALTER TABLE

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Modify the structure of an existing table.

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DROP TABLE

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Delete a table and its data from the database.

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JOIN

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Combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related column.

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WHERE

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Filter results of a query based on conditions.

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GROUP BY

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Group rows that have the same values in specified columns.

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ORDER BY

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Sort the results of a query in ascending or descending order.

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LIMIT

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Constrain the number of rows returned by a query.

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HAVING

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Filter groups created by GROUP BY based on aggregate conditions.

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INDEX

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Create an index on one or more columns to improve query performance.

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INNER JOIN

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Select records that have matching values in both tables.

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LEFT JOIN

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Select all records from the left table, and matched records from the right table.

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RIGHT JOIN

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Select all records from the right table, and matched records from the left table.

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FULL JOIN

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Select all records when there is a match in either left or right table.

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UNION

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Combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements.

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UNION ALL

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Combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, including duplicates.

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DISTINCT

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Return only distinct (different) values.

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CASE

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Provide conditional logic within SQL queries.

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EXISTS

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Test for the existence of any record in a subquery.

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COUNT

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Count the number of rows that match a specified condition.

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MIN

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Find the smallest value in a column.

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MAX

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Find the largest value in a column.

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SUM

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Calculate the sum of a set of values.

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AVG

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Calculate the average value of a set of values.

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LIKE

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Search for a specified pattern in a column.

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IN

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Specify multiple possible values for a column.

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