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Web Accessibility Standards
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Flashcards
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Color Contrast
Color contrast between text and background should meet WCAG 2.1 guidelines. Implement by ensuring a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.
WCAG 2.1 Level AAA
Level AAA standards are the most stringent and are not required for full compliance. Implementing these standards includes providing sign language interpretation for audio content, easier navigation for content, and more context and information.
ARIA Landmarks
ARIA Landmarks provide a way to identify sections of a page to assistive technologies. Implement these by using roles like role="navigation" or role="main" to define areas of the page that serve different functions.
WCAG 2.1 Level AA
This level deals with the biggest and most common barriers for disabled users. To implement, ensure that text and images are easily distinguishable and understandable, and that web pages operate in predictable ways.
Keyboard Navigation
Web accessibility requires that all interactive elements are operable via keyboard. Implement this by ensuring that elements can be focused and activated using the keyboard, and that custom widgets provide appropriate keyboard interactions.
Page Titles
Accessible web pages should have descriptive titles that identify the content or purpose of the page. Implement this by using the <title> tag in the head of the HTML document to describe the topic or purpose.
Form Accessibility
Forms must be accessible by providing labels, ensuring that error handling is clear, and that form controls support keyboard navigation. Implement using <label> elements, ARIA descriptions, and validate forms on submission.
Semantic HTML
Semantic HTML involves using HTML tags that give meaning to the web content. Implement by using tags like <article>, <section>, <nav>, <header>, and <footer> to define the structure of the document, improve SEO, and aid in accessibility.
WCAG 2.1 Level A
WCAG 2.1 Level A standards represent the minimum level of accessibility. Implement by providing text alternatives for non-text content, creating content that can be presented in different ways without losing information, and making all functionality available from a keyboard.
Error Identification
Errors must be identified and described to the user in text. Implement this by providing clear error messages and using ARIA states to inform about errors.
Consistent Navigation
To meet accessibility standards, provide consistent navigation throughout the site. Implement by maintaining a consistent order and presentation of navigation elements across web pages.
Focus Visible
According to WCAG, it must be easy to see which element has the keyboard focus. Implement this by providing a visible focus indicator (such as an outline) around the focused content.
Skip Links
A skip link allows users to skip repetitive content like navigation menus. Implement skip links at the beginning of the page's HTML to allow users to quickly jump to the main content.
Timing Adjustable
Content that has time limits should allow users to adjust or extend those limits. Implement this by providing controls to pause, stop, or extend the time limit.
Text Spacing
Adjusting the spacing of text should not cause loss of content or functionality. Implement by avoiding fixed heights for containers and using CSS to define word spacing, line spacing, and letter spacing.
Resize Text
Text must be resizable up to 200% without loss of content or functionality. Implement by using relative units for text sizes (like rem or %), and ensuring layout supports text scaling.
Link Purpose
Links should have a clear purpose. Implement this by using descriptive anchor text or ARIA labels so that the purpose of each link is clear when taken out of context.
Audio and Video Accessibility
Audio and video content should be accessible by providing captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions. Implement this by adding <track> elements for subtitles and descriptions within video tags, and providing transcripts for audio files.
Non-Text Contrast
Visual presentation of UI components and graphical objects should have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 against adjacent colors. Implement by checking the contrast of buttons, input borders, and icons.
Animation from Interactions
Animations triggered by interaction must be adjustable by the user. Implement by providing options to reduce or eliminate motion, disable animations, or use media queries to honor user preferences.
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