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Culinary Terms Glossary

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Dredge

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To coat wet or moist foods with a dry ingredient prior to cooking to provide an even coating.

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Bain-marie

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A hot water bath used to gently cook food or keep it warm, or to melt ingredients like chocolate.

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Parboil

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To boil food partially and for a shorter time than required for full cooking. It's often followed by another cooking process.

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Quenelle

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A smooth, elongated oval shape of soft food made with two spoons and used as an elegant presentation of various foods.

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Umami

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A taste sensation that is meaty or savory, one of the five basic tastes, along with sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.

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Clarify

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To make a liquid clear by removing solid impurities, as with butter or stock.

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Emulsify

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To combine two ingredients together which do not usually mix, such as oil and vinegar, into a smooth mixture.

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Zest

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The colored outer peel of citrus fruits, used as flavoring.

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Degrease

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To remove fat from the surface of stews, soups, or stocks.

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Brine

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A highly concentrated solution of water and salt used to pickle or preserve foods.

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Macérate

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To soak fruits or vegetables in liquid so that they absorb the liquid's flavor, often using spirits, wine, or a syrup.

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Caramelize

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To heat sugar until it liquefies and becomes a clear syrup ranging in color from golden to dark brown.

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Deglaze

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To dissolve the browned food residue at the bottom of a pan by adding liquid (such as stock, wine, or water) and heating.

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Fold

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A gentle mixing method used to combine light, airy ingredients like whipped cream or egg whites with a heavier mixture.

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Whip

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To beat rapidly to incorporate air and increase volume, as with cream or egg whites.

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Infuse

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To extract flavor from one ingredient such as herbs, spices, or tea by soaking them in a liquid (usually hot) until the flavor is imparted to the liquid.

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Chiffonade

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A slicing technique in which leafy green vegetables or herbs are cut into long, thin strips.

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Tourné

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A culinary knife cut that results in a football-shaped product with seven equal sides and flat ends.

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Al Dente

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A term for pasta and rice that means 'to the tooth', indicating it is cooked to be firm to the bite.

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Sauté

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To cook food quickly in a minimal amount of fat over relatively high heat.

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Julienne

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To cut food into thin, matchstick-sized strips.

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Nappe

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A term that describes the consistency of a liquid, usually a sauce, that is thick enough to coat the back of a spoon.

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Flambé

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To ignite foods that have had liquor or liqueur added to them, creating a visual effect and enhancing flavor.

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Knead

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To work dough for the purpose of developing gluten and distributing ingredients evenly, by pressing, folding, and stretching.

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Bind

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To thicken a sauce or hot liquid by adding ingredients such as eggs, cream, flour, or starch.

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Velouté

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One of the five mother sauces of classical cuisine; it's made from a light stock thickened with a roux.

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Reduction

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The process of thickening and intensifying the flavor of a liquid (especially sauces, stocks, and wine) by simmering or boiling.

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En papillote

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A method of cooking in which the food is put into a folded pouch or parcel and then baked.

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Blanch

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A cooking process wherein the food item is briefly boiled and then plunged into iced water to stop the cooking process.

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Mise en place

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A French term that refers to having all ingredients measured, cut, peeled, sliced, grated, etc. before you start cooking.

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