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Culinary Terms Explained

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Liaison

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A mixture of egg yolks and heavy cream used to thicken and enrich sauces

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Velouté

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A light stock-based sauce, thickened with a blond roux

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Fold

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To combine ingredients gently without stirring or beating

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Glaze

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To coat foods with a glossy mixture to enhance flavor and appearance

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Mise en Place

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The preparation and organization of ingredients before beginning to cook

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Tempering

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The process of slowly adding a hot liquid to a cold one to prevent curdling

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Oignon Brule

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A burnt onion used to flavor stocks and sauces

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Sauté

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To cook food quickly in a small amount of fat over relatively high heat

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Mirepoix

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A mix of chopped onions, carrots, and celery used to add flavor to stocks and sauces

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Yeast

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A microscopic fungus used as a leavening agent in baking

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Quinoa

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An Andean plant with seeds that are cooked and eaten like a grain

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Bain-Marie

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A cooking technique that uses a water bath to gently heat food

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Vinaigrette

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A sauce made with a mixture of vinegar, oil, and seasonings, often used to dress salads

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Nappe

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The consistency of a liquid that is thick enough to coat the back of a spoon

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Terrine

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A pâté-like mixture of minced ingredients, often baked in a rectangular dish (also called a terrine)

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Deglaze

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Adding liquid to a pan to lift the browned bits of food after sautéing or searing

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Reduce

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To cook a liquid, such as a sauce, until its quantity decreases through evaporation

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Ganache

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A mixture of chocolate and cream, used as a filling or glaze

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Knead

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To work dough with the hands to develop gluten and distribute ingredients

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Whisk

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A utensil for whipping eggs or cream, allowing for incorporation of air

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Caramelize

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To heat sugar or foods containing sugar until a brown color and sweet flavor develop

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Noisette

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A small round piece of meat, or a browned hazelnut butter with a nutty flavor

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Macerate

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To soften or break down food, usually fruit, by soaking in a liquid

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Infuse

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To steep an ingredient in liquid to extract its flavor

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Kosher

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Food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws

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Flambé

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Adding alcohol to food and igniting it to create a burst of flame

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Infusion

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Extracting flavor from an ingredient by steeping it in a liquid

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Parboil

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To partially cook food by boiling, usually before another cooking method

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Umami

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One of the five basic tastes, often described as savory or meaty

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Jus

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The juices that come from cooked meat, often used as a sauce

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Zest

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To remove the outer part of citrus rind for use as flavoring without the bitter white pith underneath

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Confit

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A method of preservation where food is cooked in its own fat at a low temperature

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Quenelle

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An oval-shaped dumpling or a smooth, oval-shaped scoop of soft food

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Dash

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A very small amount of an ingredient, often used for seasoning

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Sous Vide

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A method of precision cooking in a water bath at a precise temperature

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Zest

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Tiny shavings of the outermost layer of citrus fruit peel

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Extract

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To obtain the intense flavor of a substance by removing it from its source

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Unctuous

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Having a greasy or soapy feel, often used to describe foods with a smooth, rich texture

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Wok

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A versatile round-bottomed cooking vessel originating from China

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Mince

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To chop food into very small pieces finer than chopping

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Al Dente

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Refers to pasta or rice that is cooked to be firm to the bite

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Julienne

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To cut food into thin, match-like sticks

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Render

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To cook fatty meat or poultry over low heat to release and melt the fat

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Emulsify

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The process of combining two ingredients together which do not naturally mix

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Roux

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A mixture of flour and fat cooked together, used to thicken sauces

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Blend

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To mix ingredients together thoroughly

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Heirloom

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Varieties of plants that are open-pollinated and passed down through generations

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Pâté

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A paste made from cooked ground meat and fat, minced into a spreadable mixture

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Leaven

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To cause dough to rise by using a fermenting agent like yeast or baking powder

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Purée

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To mash or blend food until it is a smooth, creamy consistency

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Hollandaise

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An emulsion of egg yolk, melted butter, and lemon juice or vinegar

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