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Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into a form usable by plants, often mediated by Rhizobia bacteria in legumes. It is crucial for protein production in crops.

Agronomic yield is the amount of a specific crop produced per unit area. It is influenced by genetic factors, environmental conditions, and farming practices. It's a key indicator of crop performance.

Soil fertility is the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to crops in adequate amounts and proportions for growth. It's critical for maintaining high crop yields and quality.

Hydroponics is a method of growing crops without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent. It allows for precise nutrient management and can lead to higher yields in controlled environments.

Crop rotation involves changing the type of crop grown in a particular area each season. It helps prevent soil depletion, interrupts pest and disease cycles, and can improve soil structure and fertility.

Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. It can improve soil aeration and water infiltration but may also contribute to soil erosion.

CEC is the measure of a soil's ability to hold and exchange positively charged ions (cations). It affects the soil's nutrient holding capacity and influences fertilizer management for crops.

Weed management is the practice of preventing or suppressing weed competition to enhance crop production. Effective weed control can prevent yield losses and maintain crop quality.

Cover crops are plants grown primarily to improve soil health, enhance soil fertility, prevent soil erosion, and manage weeds, pests, and diseases. They are not harvested but benefit the succeeding crops.

Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. It can affect nutrient availability and crop health. Most crops prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH range (6.0-7.0).

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to assist in the growth of agricultural crops. It's essential in arid regions and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, and use of resistant varieties.

Green manure is a type of cover crop grown to be plowed under and incorporated into the soil to increase soil organic matter and fertility. It's a sustainable way to manage soil health.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, resulting in the production of glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. It is fundamental for plant growth and crop yield.