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Viticulture: Grape Varieties

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Syrah / Shiraz

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Produces full-bodied red wines, peppery and spicy flavors, dark fruit like blackberry, and can have smoky notes when aged in oak.

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Moscato

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Produces sweet wines often with a slight fizz, low in alcohol, with notable floral aromas and peach flavors.

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Nebbiolo

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Produces red wines with high tannins and acidity, flavors of tar and roses, cherries, and earthy tones, famous for Barolo and Barbaresco.

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Sangiovese

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Medium to full-bodied red wines, high acidity and tannins, cherry flavors, and earthy tones, its most famous use is in Chianti.

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Tempranillo

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Produces medium to full-bodied red wines, lower acidity, flavors of cherry, dried fig, and tobacco, often aged in American oak.

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Zinfandel

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Produces robust red wines with high alcohol content, berry and spicy flavors, and can also be made into sweet rosé called White Zinfandel.

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Viognier

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Produces full-bodied white wines, often marked by floral and fruit aromas such as peach, apricot, and honeysuckle.

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Cabernet Sauvignon

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Full-bodied red wines, high tannins, notes of black currant, eucalyptus, and often aged in oak.

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Pinot Noir

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Produces light to medium-bodied red wines, low tannins, high acidity, with red fruit flavors like cherry, raspberry, and earthy undertones.

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Chardonnay

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Can produce both unoaked and oaked wines, known for its buttery notes, green apple, and citrus flavors in cooler climates.

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Malbec

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Full-bodied red wines with medium tannins, flavors of plum, blackberry, and chocolate, often aged in oak to add complexity.

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Merlot

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Medium to full-bodied red wines, lower tannins than Cabernet Sauvignon, flavors of black cherry, plums, and herbal notes.

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Sauvignon Blanc

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Produces crisp, dry, and aromatic white wines, with high acidity and flavors of green apple, passion fruit, and bell pepper.

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Riesling

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Produces highly aromatic white wines, can range from dry to very sweet, high acidity, with flavors of lime, apricot, and floral notes.

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Grenache / Garnacha

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Typically produces high alcohol, medium-bodied red wines with red fruit flavors and spice, often used in blends such as GSM.

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