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Viticulture: Grape Varieties
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Moscato
Produces sweet wines often with a slight fizz, low in alcohol, with notable floral aromas and peach flavors.
Zinfandel
Produces robust red wines with high alcohol content, berry and spicy flavors, and can also be made into sweet rosé called White Zinfandel.
Merlot
Medium to full-bodied red wines, lower tannins than Cabernet Sauvignon, flavors of black cherry, plums, and herbal notes.
Riesling
Produces highly aromatic white wines, can range from dry to very sweet, high acidity, with flavors of lime, apricot, and floral notes.
Nebbiolo
Produces red wines with high tannins and acidity, flavors of tar and roses, cherries, and earthy tones, famous for Barolo and Barbaresco.
Viognier
Produces full-bodied white wines, often marked by floral and fruit aromas such as peach, apricot, and honeysuckle.
Tempranillo
Produces medium to full-bodied red wines, lower acidity, flavors of cherry, dried fig, and tobacco, often aged in American oak.
Grenache / Garnacha
Typically produces high alcohol, medium-bodied red wines with red fruit flavors and spice, often used in blends such as GSM.
Cabernet Sauvignon
Full-bodied red wines, high tannins, notes of black currant, eucalyptus, and often aged in oak.
Malbec
Full-bodied red wines with medium tannins, flavors of plum, blackberry, and chocolate, often aged in oak to add complexity.
Chardonnay
Can produce both unoaked and oaked wines, known for its buttery notes, green apple, and citrus flavors in cooler climates.
Pinot Noir
Produces light to medium-bodied red wines, low tannins, high acidity, with red fruit flavors like cherry, raspberry, and earthy undertones.
Sangiovese
Medium to full-bodied red wines, high acidity and tannins, cherry flavors, and earthy tones, its most famous use is in Chianti.
Sauvignon Blanc
Produces crisp, dry, and aromatic white wines, with high acidity and flavors of green apple, passion fruit, and bell pepper.
Syrah / Shiraz
Produces full-bodied red wines, peppery and spicy flavors, dark fruit like blackberry, and can have smoky notes when aged in oak.
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