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Plant Diseases Identification

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Fire Blight

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Causal organism: Erwinia amylovora, Symptoms: Blackened, burned appearance of branches and twigs, Possible control measures: Prune infected parts, avoid overhead watering, bactericides

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Rust

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Causal organism: Fungi (e.g., Puccinia spp.), Symptoms: Pustules of red or orange spores on the underside of leaves, Possible control measures: Remove infected leaves, resistant varieties, fungicides

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Bacterial Wilt

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Causal organism: Ralstonia solanacearum, Symptoms: Wilted foliage, stunted growth, Possible control measures: Resistant varieties, crop rotation, sanitation

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Anthracnose

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Causal organism: Fungi (e.g., Colletotrichum spp.), Symptoms: Dark, sunken lesions on fruits, leaves, and stems, Possible control measures: Prune to improve air circulation, resistant varieties, fungicides

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Black Spot

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Causal organism: Diplocarpon rosae, Symptoms: Black spots with fringed edges on leaves, Possible control measures: Sanitation, resistant varieties, fungicides

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Citrus Canker

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Causal organism: Xanthomonas citri, Symptoms: Yellow halo-like lesions on fruit, leaves, and stems, Possible control measures: Destroy infected trees, copper-based bactericides, windbreak barriers

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Clubroot

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Causal organism: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Symptoms: Galls or 'clubs' on roots of brassicas, stunted growth, Possible control measures: Lime soil to raise pH, use resistant varieties, good sanitation

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Verticillium Wilt

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Causal organism: Verticillium spp., Symptoms: Yellowing and wilting of leaves, often one-sided, Possible control measures: Soil fumigation, resistant varieties, crop rotation

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Powdery Mildew

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Causal organism: Various fungi (e.g., Erysiphales), Symptoms: White powdery spots on the leaves and stems, Possible control measures: Proper plant spacing, resistant varieties, fungicides

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Crown Gall

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Causal organism: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Symptoms: Tumors or galls at the base or roots of the plant, Possible control measures: Avoid wounding plants, remove infected plants, soil solarization

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Dutch Elm Disease

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Causal organism: Ophiostoma ulmi, Symptoms: Wilting, yellowing, and curling of leaves; branch dieback, Possible control measures: Sanitation of infected material, insect control, disease-resistant cultivars

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Sooty Mold

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Causal organism: Multiple fungi species, Symptoms: Black mold growth on leaves and stems, Possible control measures: Control insect pests that excrete honeydew, improve air circulation, wash plants

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Late Blight

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Causal organism: Phytophthora infestans, Symptoms: Dark lesions on leaves and stems, Possible control measures: Crop rotation, resistant varieties, fungicides

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Downy Mildew

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Causal organism: Peronosporaceae family fungi, Symptoms: Yellow patches on upper leaf surfaces, white to grayish downy growth on undersides, Possible control measures: Resistant varieties, good airflow, fungicides

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Blossom End Rot

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Causal organism: Environmental/Calcium deficiency, Symptoms: Dark, sunken spots on the end of fruits such as tomatoes, Possible control measures: Maintain consistent soil moisture, apply calcium, mulching

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