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Plant Diseases Identification
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Fire Blight
Causal organism: Erwinia amylovora, Symptoms: Blackened, burned appearance of branches and twigs, Possible control measures: Prune infected parts, avoid overhead watering, bactericides
Rust
Causal organism: Fungi (e.g., Puccinia spp.), Symptoms: Pustules of red or orange spores on the underside of leaves, Possible control measures: Remove infected leaves, resistant varieties, fungicides
Bacterial Wilt
Causal organism: Ralstonia solanacearum, Symptoms: Wilted foliage, stunted growth, Possible control measures: Resistant varieties, crop rotation, sanitation
Anthracnose
Causal organism: Fungi (e.g., Colletotrichum spp.), Symptoms: Dark, sunken lesions on fruits, leaves, and stems, Possible control measures: Prune to improve air circulation, resistant varieties, fungicides
Black Spot
Causal organism: Diplocarpon rosae, Symptoms: Black spots with fringed edges on leaves, Possible control measures: Sanitation, resistant varieties, fungicides
Citrus Canker
Causal organism: Xanthomonas citri, Symptoms: Yellow halo-like lesions on fruit, leaves, and stems, Possible control measures: Destroy infected trees, copper-based bactericides, windbreak barriers
Clubroot
Causal organism: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Symptoms: Galls or 'clubs' on roots of brassicas, stunted growth, Possible control measures: Lime soil to raise pH, use resistant varieties, good sanitation
Verticillium Wilt
Causal organism: Verticillium spp., Symptoms: Yellowing and wilting of leaves, often one-sided, Possible control measures: Soil fumigation, resistant varieties, crop rotation
Powdery Mildew
Causal organism: Various fungi (e.g., Erysiphales), Symptoms: White powdery spots on the leaves and stems, Possible control measures: Proper plant spacing, resistant varieties, fungicides
Crown Gall
Causal organism: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Symptoms: Tumors or galls at the base or roots of the plant, Possible control measures: Avoid wounding plants, remove infected plants, soil solarization
Dutch Elm Disease
Causal organism: Ophiostoma ulmi, Symptoms: Wilting, yellowing, and curling of leaves; branch dieback, Possible control measures: Sanitation of infected material, insect control, disease-resistant cultivars
Sooty Mold
Causal organism: Multiple fungi species, Symptoms: Black mold growth on leaves and stems, Possible control measures: Control insect pests that excrete honeydew, improve air circulation, wash plants
Late Blight
Causal organism: Phytophthora infestans, Symptoms: Dark lesions on leaves and stems, Possible control measures: Crop rotation, resistant varieties, fungicides
Downy Mildew
Causal organism: Peronosporaceae family fungi, Symptoms: Yellow patches on upper leaf surfaces, white to grayish downy growth on undersides, Possible control measures: Resistant varieties, good airflow, fungicides
Blossom End Rot
Causal organism: Environmental/Calcium deficiency, Symptoms: Dark, sunken spots on the end of fruits such as tomatoes, Possible control measures: Maintain consistent soil moisture, apply calcium, mulching
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