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The scenes designed to evoke pity and sadness from the audience, aiming to engage their emotions deeply.

The prophetic pronouncements that drive the plot and characters' fates, reflecting the significance of destiny and the gods.

The addition of a second actor by Aeschylus allowed for complex dialogues and dramatic interplay, enhancing the dynamic nature of Greek tragedies.

The concept of fate or destiny that controls the outcomes in Greek tragedy, emphasizing the limited control humans have over their lives.

The reversal of fortune for the protagonist, often unexpectedly turning the situation to its opposite, highlighting the play's unpredictability.

The choral hymn to Dionysus from which Greek tragedy is thought to have evolved, underlying the ritualistic origins of the art form.

The part of the tragedy before the chorus enters, introducing the setting, characters, and background information, providing the audience with a context for the play.

A group of performers who comment on the dramatic action, provide background information, and interact with other characters.

The first song sung by the chorus as it enters the orchestra, establishing the tone of the play and highlighting themes.

The emotional release experienced by the audience through the tragedy's unfolding, a central concept in Aristotle's theory of tragedy.

When the audience is aware of critical information that the characters are ignorant of, creating a tension between the play's unfolding events and the audience's foreknowledge.

Scenes in which the characters and chorus talk, advancing the plot and developing the tragedy's dramatic action.

An excessive pride or disrespect for the natural order that often leads to the protagonist's demise, a common hamartia in tragedies.

The protagonist's tragic flaw that leads to their downfall, illustrating the vulnerability of human nature.

The inevitable payback or cosmic punishment for the protagonist's hubris, illustrating the moral order of the universe.

A choral ode following each episode, reflecting on the events and emphasizing the play's themes.

The moment of critical discovery or recognition by the protagonist, often changing the direction of the play dramatically.

The concept of spiritual pollution resulting from immoral acts, often driving the tragedy's conflicts.

Used by actors in Greek tragedy to signify different characters or emotions, they also amplified the voice and contributed to the stylistic and symbolic aspects of the play.