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Historical Periods in Theater
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Epic Theater
Timeframe: Mid 20th century. Characteristics: Proposed by Bertolt Brecht, aimed at intellectual engagement over emotional manipulation, use of alienation effect.
Roman Theater
Timeframe: 240 BCE - 476 CE. Characteristics: Adaptations of Greek works, stock characters, pantomime performances.
Medieval Theater
Timeframe: 5th - 15th century. Characteristics: Morality plays, religious themes, traveling minstrels.
Elizabethan Theater
Timeframe: 1558 - 1603. Characteristics: Flourishing of English drama, open-air playhouses, iambic pentameter.
Romantic Theater
Timeframe: Late 18th - Mid 19th century. Characteristics: Emphasis on emotion and individualism, elaborate historical costumes, use of spectacle in productions.
Jacobean Theater
Timeframe: 1603 - 1625. Characteristics: Darker themes in plays, rise of court masques, continued use of iambic pentameter.
Caroline Theater
Timeframe: 1625 - 1642. Characteristics: Decline in theatrical writing quality, increased censorship, private indoor theaters.
18th Century Theater
Timeframe: 1710 - 1800. Characteristics: Sentimental comedies and bourgeois dramas, rise in popularity of ballad operas, emergence of actors as celebrities.
Expressionism
Timeframe: Early 20th century. Characteristics: Distorted reality to express inner emotions, episodic and fragmented narrative structure, bold and confrontational themes.
Postmodern Theater
Timeframe: Late 20th century - present. Characteristics: Blending of genres and styles, non-linear narratives, irony and pastiche.
Contemporary Theater
Timeframe: Late 20th century - present. Characteristics: Experimental and innovative forms, diverse themes reflecting current societal issues, interactive and immersive experiences.
Symbolism
Timeframe: Late 19th century. Characteristics: Use of metaphorical imagery to convey deeper truths, dreamlike and mystical elements, aversion to Realism.
Renaissance Theater
Timeframe: 14th - 17th century. Characteristics: Revival of classical ideals, emergence of professional theater, elaborate costumes.
Neoclassical Theater
Timeframe: 17th - 18th century. Characteristics: Adherence to the three unities (time, place, action), declamatory acting, comedic elements from Commedia dell'arte.
Melodrama
Timeframe: 19th century. Characteristics: Exaggerated plot and characters, clear distinction between good and evil, music used to enhance the emotional effects.
Restoration Theater
Timeframe: 1660 - 1710. Characteristics: Introduction of women actors, development of proscenium arch theaters, witty and bawdy comedic plays.
Realism
Timeframe: Late 19th century. Characteristics: Focus on everyday life and social issues, complex characters with psychological depth, naturalistic sets and costumes.
Absurdist Theater
Timeframe: Mid 20th century. Characteristics: Focus on the illogical and irrational aspect of life, minimalist sets, lack of clear plot.
Ancient Greek Theater
Timeframe: 5th century BCE. Characteristics: Use of masks, chorus elements, amphitheaters.
Naturalism
Timeframe: Late 19th century. Characteristics: An extreme form of Realism, depiction of life's determinism, influenced by scientific determinism.
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