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Hydrosphere Components

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Streams

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Streams are small, narrow bodies of flowing fresh water that originate from springs or runoff, often feeding into rivers or lakes.

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Bays

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Bays are water bodies surrounded by land on three sides, typically calmer than the waters outside due to land protection, and serve as safe harbors and rich ecosystems.

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Wetlands

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Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, and support diverse ecosystems.

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Lakes

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Lakes are inland bodies of standing freshwater or saltwater, often serving as reservoirs for drinking water, agriculture, and habitats for flora and fauna.

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Aquifers

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Aquifers are underground layers of water-bearing permeable rock or materials (gravel, sand, silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well.

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Ice Caps

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Ice caps are large areas of ice that cover land and are smaller than ice sheets, holding vast quantities of fresh water and reflecting solar radiation.

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Rivers

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Rivers are flowing bodies of fresh water that travel from higher to lower ground, often ending in lakes or oceans, providing water for habitats, agriculture, and human uses.

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Glaciers

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Glaciers are large, dense ice formations that accumulate over centuries, store freshwater and are vital water reservoirs that contribute to sea levels when they melt.

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Oceans

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Oceans are large bodies of salt water that cover about 71% of the Earth's surface, playing a key role in climate regulation and supporting marine ecosystems.

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Groundwater

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Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations, a crucial source of drinking water.

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