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Biodiversity Hotspots
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Mesoamerican Forests
Location: From central Mexico to Panama; Significance: Contains a vast array of habitat types and is a key region for migratory species.
Atlantic Forest
Location: Along the Atlantic coast of Brazil; Significance: One of the most diverse and biologically rich forests in the world, hosting many endemic species.
The Coral Triangle
Location: Marine waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste; Significance: The area has the highest diversity of marine species in the world.
Western Ghats
Location: Along the western coast of India; Significance: Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it's known for its diverse species of flora and fauna.
Cape Floristic Region
Location: Southwestern tip of Africa; Significance: Known for its exceptional levels of plant endemism, including the famous fynbos vegetation.
New Zealand
Location: Southwest Pacific Ocean; Significance: It's known for its isolated evolutionary history leading to unique bird species such as the kiwi and kakapo.
Sundaland
Location: Western part of the Indo-Malayan archipelago in Southeast Asia; Significance: Diverse habitats and high species endemism, including the orangutan.
Wallacea
Location: Between the biogeographical regions of Sundaland and Near Oceania; Significance: Known for its mix of Asian and Australasian species.
Caribbean Islands
Location: In the Caribbean Sea; Significance: Comprises thousands of islands, cays, and reefs with a high level of endemism and biodiversity.
California Floristic Province
Location: Along the Pacific Coast of the United States; Significance: Contains a unique variety of plant species, over a third of which are endemic to the region.
Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands
Location: Off the southeastern coast of Africa; Significance: Unique species like lemurs and the baobab trees are a part of its diverse flora and fauna.
Eastern Afromontane
Location: A range of mountains along the eastern edge of Africa; Significance: Features a high degree of endemism and varied ecosystems from rainforests to savannas.
The Amazon Rainforest
Location: Across nine countries in South America; Significance: It's the world's largest tropical rainforest known for its biodiversity and role in the global climate.
Philippines
Location: Southeast Asia; Significance: An archipelago with high levels of endemism and a large number of species per unit area.
The Congo Basin
Location: Central Africa; Significance: It is the second-largest tropical rainforest in the world, essential for climate regulation and home to many species.
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