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Environmental Policy Milestones
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Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
An EU directive aimed at protecting the marine environment across Europe. It strives to achieve 'Good Environmental Status' of the EU's marine waters by 2020 and to protect the resource base upon which marine-related economic and social activities depend. The directive has influenced European coastal nations to adopt more rigorous protection measures.
Basel Convention
An international treaty designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries. It also aims for environmentally sound management of such wastes. The convention has impacted the global trade and disposal practices of hazardous wastes.
Paris Agreement
An agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance. It aims to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably 1.5 degrees Celsius. Its impact lies in driving nations to pledge individual contributions (NDCs) towards mitigating climate change.
Water Framework Directive (WFD)
A European Union directive which commits EU member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies. It's intended to prevent and reduce pollution, promote sustainable water usage, protect the aquatic environment, and improve the condition of aquatic ecosystems. The impact includes considerable advancements in water management and protection strategies.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
A U.S. law governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste. It gives the EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from the 'cradle-to-grave,' including the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. This act has been instrumental in reducing the environmental and health risks related to waste disposal.
Renewable Energy Directive (RED)
An EU directive that sets binding targets for each member state to achieve a minimum share of energy from renewable sources in its overall energy mix. The directive promotes the use of energy from renewable sources, energy efficiency, and the improvement of the transport and heating sectors. Its implementation has accelerated the transition towards renewable energy across the EU.
Kyoto Protocol
An international treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and human-made CO2 emissions have caused it. It has had significant impacts on promoting renewable energy and sustainability practices worldwide.
Conservation of Biological Diversity (CBD)
An international legally binding treaty with three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of biological components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The impact is widespread, with initiatives to protect biodiversity ecosystems and prevent loss of species.
Clean Air Act
A United States federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level. It requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop and enforce regulations to protect the public from airborne contaminants. It has led to significant improvements in air quality and reductions in acid rain, lead, ozone, and other pollutants.
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)
A sustainability certification standard for forestry in North America that promotes responsible forest management practices. It includes measures to protect water quality, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, species at risk, and forests with exceptional conservation value. The SFI program has encouraged the market for certified forest products.
Endangered Species Act
A key legislation for both domestic and imported endangered species protection in the United States. It provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found. The Act has prevented the extinction of numerous species and promotes the recovery of many others.
Montreal Protocol
A global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). It has been successful in reducing the production of ODS and has made significant contributions to mitigating climate change.
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