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Greenhouse Gases
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Methane (CH4)
Emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas and by livestock and other agricultural practices; traps more heat than CO2, but shorter lifespan in atmosphere.
Fluorinated Gases
Synthetic gases including HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3 used in air conditioning, refrigeration, and electronics; very potent and have long atmospheric lifetimes.
Water Vapor (H2O)
The most abundant greenhouse gas, but mainly considered a feedback rather than a forcing agent; increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms.
Black Carbon
Consists of fine particulate matter produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass; absorbs sunlight and warms the atmosphere.
Ozone (O3)
Occurs naturally in the stratosphere and provides a protective layer from harmful UV radiation, but in the troposphere, it's a byproduct of industrial activities and a potent GHG.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Chemicals found in aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as refrigerants and solvents; banned under the Montreal Protocol due to their role in ozone depletion.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Released from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste; has a significant warming effect and contributes to ozone layer depletion.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Produced by burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and various industrial processes; major contributor to climate change and global warming.
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