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Greenhouse Gases
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Produced by burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and various industrial processes; major contributor to climate change and global warming.
Methane (CH4)
Emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas and by livestock and other agricultural practices; traps more heat than CO2, but shorter lifespan in atmosphere.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Released from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste; has a significant warming effect and contributes to ozone layer depletion.
Fluorinated Gases
Synthetic gases including HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3 used in air conditioning, refrigeration, and electronics; very potent and have long atmospheric lifetimes.
Water Vapor (H2O)
The most abundant greenhouse gas, but mainly considered a feedback rather than a forcing agent; increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms.
Ozone (O3)
Occurs naturally in the stratosphere and provides a protective layer from harmful UV radiation, but in the troposphere, it's a byproduct of industrial activities and a potent GHG.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Chemicals found in aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as refrigerants and solvents; banned under the Montreal Protocol due to their role in ozone depletion.
Black Carbon
Consists of fine particulate matter produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass; absorbs sunlight and warms the atmosphere.
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