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A technique used to exert friction on a climbing rope so that a falling climber does not fall very far. Use Case: A climber is belaying their partner who is leading a new route.

A metal loop with a spring-loaded gate used to quickly and reversibly connect components. Use Case: A climber attaches the rope to their harness with a carabiner.

A section of a climb between two rests or belay points that can be climbed without intermediate belays. Use Case: The route was three pitches long, each offering different challenges.

A small edge that requires use of fingertips for grip. Use Case: The climber carefully positioned their fingers to crimp on the tiny ledge before moving up.

A dynamic move to jump and reach for a hold that would otherwise be inaccessible. Use Case: The climber had to dyno to grab the out-of-reach hold on the boulder problem.

Using the edge of the climbing shoe to stand on small footholds. Use Case: Edging skills were necessary to navigate the thin vertical crack.

Climbing routes that are longer than a single rope length and require multiple belay stations. Use Case: They spent the entire day climbing a multi-pitch route on the big wall.

A metal wedge that is placed into cracks in the rock as a form of protection. Use Case: The leader placed a nut in a small crack before advancing up the climb.

A piece of climbing equipment used to connect the climbing rope to bolt anchors or gear placements. Use Case: Quickdraws were clipped to bolts of the sport climb for secure upward progress.

A collection of climbing gear carried by a climber or attached to the climbing harness. Use Case: The trad climber checked the rack before starting the climb to ensure they had enough gear.

Climbing a route cleanly, without falls or resting on the rope, after having previously practiced the route. Use Case: After several attempts, the climber finally achieved a redpoint of the challenging route.

A successful climb without any falls or rests on the rope. Similar to a redpoint, but often refers to the first time it's climbed cleanly by an individual. Use Case: The climber was ecstatic to send the route on the first try of the day.

A type of rock face that is less steeply inclined and often requires careful balance and friction to ascend. Use Case: The slab section required precise footwork and balance to negotiate.

Climbing where the rope is anchored at the top of the climb, minimizing the distance a climber would fall. Use Case: Beginners often start with top-rope climbing because it allows for easier learning of climbing techniques.

Traditional climbing where climbers place all gear to protect against falls, and then remove it when the route is completed. Use Case: The trad climber placed cams and nuts as they ascended the route.

A form of rock climbing performed without the use of ropes or harnesses, typically on small rocks or artificial walls. Use Case: They spent the afternoon bouldering at the local gym, attempting various problems.

A spring-loaded device that expands and contracts to fit into rock cracks and crevices for protection. Use Case: The leader placed a cam in the widening crack for added safety during the climb.

A substance used on climbers' hands to increase friction and absorb sweat. Use Case: Before attempting the next move, the climber applied chalk to ensure a better grip.

Climbing a route successfully on the first attempt without prior knowledge or practice on it. Use Case: The climber achieved an on-sight by climbing the new route without falls on the first try.