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A principle under which individuals should not receive different amounts of pay based on their sex, race, or other non-relevant factors when performing work of equal value.

The lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement for each hour of work.

Various types of non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to their normal wages or salaries.

Laws and regulations designed to protect individuals who report or disclose illegal or unethical behavior within an organization.

A theoretical wage level that allows an individual to afford adequate shelter, food, and other necessities, intended to cover the cost of living and provide a basic but decent standard of living.

Regulations that control the work that children are permitted to do, when they can work, and the conditions under which they can work.

An organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

Short for compensatory time, it is paid time off given to an employee instead of overtime pay.

A federal law in the United States that requires covered employers to provide employees with job-protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons.

The process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working conditions.

A federal agency that administers and enforces civil rights laws against workplace discrimination.

A type of retirement plan that requires an employer to make contributions into a pool of funds set aside for a worker's future benefit.

The employment practices that are fair, equitable, and consistent with the principles of equal opportunity, which seek to eliminate discrimination and reverse historical disadvantages for certain groups.

A US federal law that establishes minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, record-keeping requirements, and child labor standards for full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in federal, state, and local governments.

A person or entity contracted to perform work for—or provide services to—another entity as a non-employee.

An employment relationship in which employees hold their positions at the will of a company without enduring contract terms of service.

Unfair treatment in employment based on disability rather than the individual's qualifications and abilities.

A form of insurance that provides wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment.

A clause under which one party, usually an employee, agrees not to enter into or start a similar profession or trade in competition against another party, usually the employer.

A sum of money that an employee is eligible to receive upon termination of employment, often dependent on the duration of employment and the circumstances of the termination.

A federal law that was created to ensure safe and healthy working conditions by setting and enforcing standards, and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.

A federal statute that was signed into law in 2009 to ensure that individuals subjected to pay discrimination have the right to file a complaint.

Adverse actions taken by an employer against an employee because the employee engaged in a legally protected activity, such as complaining about discrimination or harassment.

The rate of pay that is higher than the employee's regular hourly rate, typically paid for hours worked in excess of 40 hours per week.

A legal term that refers to a situation where an employee's contract of employment has been terminated by the employer in circumstances that breach one or more terms of the contract of employment.

A labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work, as opposed to permanent jobs.

A federal law that provides data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information, and also includes provisions that regulate how employers handle employee health insurance.

Classification of employees where exempt employees are not subject to certain wage and hour laws (e.g., overtime), while non-exempt employees are covered by those laws.

A form of dismissal from employment that happens when employers need to reduce their workforce.

A period of time that a mother is legally allowed to be absent from work in the weeks before and after she gives birth.

Payments made by authorized bodies to unemployed people, designed to provide individuals with an income while they are seeking employment.

A form of harassment characterized by an offensive, intimidating, or oppressive atmosphere that interferes with an individual's ability to perform their job.

A 1935 law that protects the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices.

A legal doctrine that means an employer can terminate an employee at any time without reason, except for illegal reasons. It also allows employees to quit their job without reason.

A situation where an employee resigns because their employer's behavior has become intolerable or heinous, or because the employer has made changes to the terms of employment without the employee's consent.

A benefit allowing employees paid time off from work, typically for rest and recreation.

Paid or unpaid time off from work that an employee is allowed to use during which he or she is unable to work due to illness.

Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex, within the workplace.

The process of categorizing workers into specific categories, such as exempt/non-exempt or employee/independent contractor, for purposes of determining legal rights and employer obligations.

A US federal law that aims to promote the employment of older workers based on their ability rather than age and to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment.