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A legal claim against a ship for debts related to the ship or sea venture such as repairs, salvage, or crew wages.

The compensation awarded to those who voluntarily help recover a ship, cargo, or lives from a peril at sea.

The process of documenting a ship's ownership and nationality; required by international law for traveling on international waters.

The principle requiring all parties in a sea adventure to proportionately share any losses resulting from voluntary sacrifices of part of the ship or cargo to save the whole in an emergency.

A contract by which the owner leases the ship without crew to the charterer who takes over full responsibility for the vessel and its operations.

The transportation of goods or passengers between two places in the same country by a foreign vessel or an aircraft, often restricted or regulated by law.

Legal rules and principles related to the capture of ships and cargoes on the high seas during the war.

A financial penalty imposed on charterers for delaying a vessel's cargo operations beyond the laytime originally agreed.

The amount of time allowed (in hours or days) for loading or unloading cargo without incurring demurrage charges.

A government license in the Age of Sail that authorized a private person to attack and capture vessels of a nation at war with the issuer.

The condition of a ship in terms of design, maintenance, and equipment to be suitable for the intended voyage.

A tax system where the tax amount is based on the volume or carrying capacity of a merchant ship rather than the traditional income or corporate tax.

A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping, focused on safety, environmental concerns, and legal matters.

Measures taken to protect vessels, ports, and facilities from threats such as piracy, terrorism, and other criminal activities.

Legal instruments used to secure a loan or financing on a vessel, granting a maritime lien on the ship as collateral.

Official documents issued by the carrier to the shipper detailing the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried.

A court that has jurisdiction over maritime cases and disputes, applying maritime and common law principles.

A set of rules that form an international convention to establish a minimum level of obligations for carriers under a bill of lading.

International maritime rules, also known as COLREGs, governing the movement of vessels in relation to each other to avoid collisions at sea.