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Basic Graph Terminology

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Path

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A sequence of vertices where each adjacent pair is connected by an edge.

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Adjacency Matrix

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A square matrix used to represent a finite graph, with the element at row ii and column jj indicating the presence or absence (and sometimes the weight) of an edge between vertices ii and jj.

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Connected Graph

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A graph in which there is a path between every pair of vertices.

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Directed Graph (Digraph)

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A graph in which the edges have a direction.

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Incidence Matrix

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A matrix that shows the relationship between vertices and edges, where rows represent vertices and columns represent edges.

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Graph

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A collection of nodes (also called vertices) and edges connecting some or all of them.

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Weighted Graph

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A graph in which each edge is assigned a numerical value or weight.

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Subgraph

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A graph formed from a subset of the vertices and edges of a larger graph.

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Eulerian Path

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A path that travels through every edge exactly once.

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Degree of a Vertex

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The number of edges incident to the vertex, with loops counted twice.

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Cycle

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A path that starts and ends at the same vertex and contains at least one other vertex; no edges or intermediate vertices are repeated.

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Bipartite Graph

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A graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets such that every edge connects a vertex from one set to a vertex from the other set.

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Vertex (Vertices)

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A fundamental unit by which graphs are formed, usually represented as a dot or a circle.

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Complete Graph

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A graph in which there is an edge between every pair of vertices.

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Edge

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A line connecting two vertices in a graph, which may or may not have a direction (e.g., directed or undirected).

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