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Basic Graph Terminology
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Path
A sequence of vertices where each adjacent pair is connected by an edge.
Adjacency Matrix
A square matrix used to represent a finite graph, with the element at row and column indicating the presence or absence (and sometimes the weight) of an edge between vertices and .
Connected Graph
A graph in which there is a path between every pair of vertices.
Directed Graph (Digraph)
A graph in which the edges have a direction.
Incidence Matrix
A matrix that shows the relationship between vertices and edges, where rows represent vertices and columns represent edges.
Graph
A collection of nodes (also called vertices) and edges connecting some or all of them.
Weighted Graph
A graph in which each edge is assigned a numerical value or weight.
Subgraph
A graph formed from a subset of the vertices and edges of a larger graph.
Eulerian Path
A path that travels through every edge exactly once.
Degree of a Vertex
The number of edges incident to the vertex, with loops counted twice.
Cycle
A path that starts and ends at the same vertex and contains at least one other vertex; no edges or intermediate vertices are repeated.
Bipartite Graph
A graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets such that every edge connects a vertex from one set to a vertex from the other set.
Vertex (Vertices)
A fundamental unit by which graphs are formed, usually represented as a dot or a circle.
Complete Graph
A graph in which there is an edge between every pair of vertices.
Edge
A line connecting two vertices in a graph, which may or may not have a direction (e.g., directed or undirected).
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