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Graph Metrics and Measures

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Degree of a Vertex

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The number of edges incident to the vertex. For a vertex vv, this is written as deg(v)deg(v).

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Graph Radius

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The minimum eccentricity of any vertex in the graph. For graph GG, radius(G)=minuV(G)maxvV(G)d(u,v)radius(G) = \min_{u \in V(G)} \max_{v \in V(G)} d(u,v).

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Cycle Length

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The number of edges in a cycle within a graph.

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Graph Diameter

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The longest shortest path between any two vertices in a graph. For graph GG, diameter(G)=maxu,vV(G)d(u,v)diameter(G) = \max_{u,v \in V(G)} d(u,v) where d(u,v)d(u,v) is the shortest path between uu and vv.

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Chromatic Number

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The smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of a graph so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color.

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Eulerian Circuit

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A circuit in a graph that visits every edge exactly once. A connected graph has an Eulerian circuit if and only if every vertex has an even degree.

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Maximum Flow

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The greatest possible flow from the source to the sink in a network with capacities. It can be calculated using algorithms like Ford-Fulkerson method.

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Hamiltonian Path

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A path in a graph that visits each vertex exactly once. Determining if such a path exists is known as the Hamiltonian Path Problem.

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Adjacency Matrix

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A square matrix AA used to represent a finite graph. The elements AijA_{ij} are 11 if there is an edge between vertices ii and jj, and 00 otherwise.

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Graph Connectivity

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A measure of the degree to which all vertices of a graph are connected. A graph is 'k-connected' if there are at least 'k' vertex-disjoint paths between any two vertices.

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Incidence Matrix

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A matrix BB that shows the relationship between vertices and edges. For a graph GG with VV vertices and EE edges, BB is a V×EV \times E matrix where Bve=1B_{ve} = 1 if vertex vv is incident to edge ee, otherwise Bve=0B_{ve} = 0.

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Path Length

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The number of edges in a path between two vertices.

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