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Eulerian and Hamiltonian Paths

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Ore's Theorem

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Ore's Theorem is a criterion for the existence of a Hamiltonian Circuit in a graph. It states that if a graph has n3n \geq 3 vertices, and for every pair of non-adjacent vertices uu and vv, the sum of their degrees is at least nn, then the graph has a Hamiltonian Circuit.

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Eulerian Path

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An Eulerian Path is a path that uses each edge of a graph exactly once. Existence conditions: For a connected graph, if exactly 0 or 2 vertices have odd degree, an Eulerian Path exists.

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Hamiltonian Circuit

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A Hamiltonian Circuit is a Hamiltonian Path that starts and ends at the same vertex, forming a cycle. Existence conditions: No easy necessary and sufficient conditions exist, but a graph needs to be sufficiently connected to have a Hamiltonian Circuit.

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Eulerian Circuit

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An Eulerian Circuit is an Eulerian Path that starts and ends on the same vertex, thus forming a cycle. Existence conditions: For a connected graph, an Eulerian Circuit exists if and only if all vertices have even degree.

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Euler's Theorem for Graphs

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Euler's Theorem states that a connected graph possesses an Eulerian Circuit if and only if every vertex has an even degree.

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Hamiltonian Path

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A Hamiltonian Path is a path that visits each vertex of a graph exactly once. Existence conditions: No easy necessary and sufficient conditions, but Dirac's and Ore's theorems give sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian Paths in certain graphs.

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Dirac's Theorem

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Dirac's Theorem provides a condition for the existence of a Hamiltonian Circuit in a graph. It states that if a graph has n3n \geq 3 vertices, and every vertex has degree at least n2\frac{n}{2}, then the graph has a Hamiltonian Circuit.

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Semi-Eulerian Graph

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A Semi-Eulerian Graph has an Eulerian Path but not an Eulerian Circuit. Existence conditions: The graph is connected and exactly two vertices have an odd degree.

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Semi-Hamiltonian Graph

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A Semi-Hamiltonian Graph has a Hamiltonian Path but not a Hamiltonian Circuit. Existence conditions: Sufficient conditions are similar to Hamiltonian Graphs but less restrictive, often related to graph connectivity and degree sequences.

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Hamilton's Theorem

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Hamilton's Theorem is a hypothesized theorem suggesting certain conditions under which a Hamiltonian Circuit would exist in a graph. It is important to note that no such general theorem has been proven.

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