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Systems of Linear Equations

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Substitution Method

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Solve one of the equations for one variable and substitute this expression into the other equation to find the second variable.

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Graph Theory (Flow Networks)

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Solve systems that model flow networks using graph theory techniques like the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm.

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Parametric Equations Solving

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Express the solution set of the system in terms of one or more parameters, usually used in cases of infinite solutions.

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Simplex Method (Optimization)

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Although not a direct solver, Simplex Method is used to optimize linear equations subject to constraints, which can be seen as a system of equations.

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Consistency of a System

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A consistent system is one that has at least one solution; assess this by examining the rank of matrices.

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Gauss-Jordan Elimination

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Transform the system of equations into Reduced Row Echelon Form to directly read the solutions.

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Inverse Matrix Method for 3x3 System

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For systems with three equations and three unknowns, calculate the inverse of the 3x3 coefficient matrix to find the solution vector.

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Eigenvalue Method

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For certain systems, particularly differential equations, eigenvalues can be used to find solutions.

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QR Decomposition Method

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Decompose the coefficient matrix AA into a product of an orthogonal matrix QQ and an upper triangular matrix RR to solve the system.

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Matrix Inversion Method

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Compute the inverse of the coefficient matrix AA and multiply it with the constant matrix bb to solve for xx.

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Laplace Expansion (Determinants)

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For a system represented in matrix form, the determinant can be used to assess the uniqueness of the solution under Cramer's Rule.

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Rank of a Matrix

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Use the rank of the coefficient matrix and the augmented matrix to determine the number of solutions of the system.

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Least Squares Solution

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When the system has no exact solution (is overdetermined), find an approximate solution that minimizes the sum of the squares of the residuals.

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Solution Space for a System

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Characterize the solution space (set of all possible solutions) for a linear system, which can be a point, a line, a plane, or have higher dimensions.

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Conjugate Gradient Method

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An iterative method for solving systems of linear equations with a positive-definite matrix, often used for large systems.

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LU Decomposition

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Factor the coefficient matrix AA into a lower triangular matrix LL and an upper triangular matrix UU to solve Ax=bAx = b.

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Pivoting Strategies in Gaussian Elimination

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Use pivoting to avoid division by small numbers or to improve numerical stability when using Gaussian elimination.

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Graphical Method

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Plot both equations on a graph and identify the point(s) of intersection.

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Cramer's Rule (2x22x2 system)

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Use determinants of matrices to solve for unknowns in a system of two equations with two variables.

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Matrix Equations (Ax=bAx = b)

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Express the system of equations as a matrix equation and use matrix operations to solve it.

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Iterative Methods (e.g., Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel)

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Use iterative algorithms to approximate the solution to system of equations, especially for large systems.

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Gaussian Elimination

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Transform the system of equations into Row Echelon Form to solve the system.

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Diophantine Equations

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Special systems of equations where the solutions are required to be integers. Use number theory methods to solve.

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Elimination Method

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Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable, solving for the remaining variable.

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Homogeneous Systems

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A system is homogeneous if all the constant terms are zero; such systems always have at least the trivial solution x=0x=0.

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