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Product Measures

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Fubini's Theorem

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Fubini's Theorem states that if two spaces are sigma-finite with respect to their measures, then the integral of the product measure is equal to the iterated integral of the functions over each space.

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Iterated Integral

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An iterated integral is the repeated application of the integral operator to functions of several variables, integrating one variable at a time.

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Complete Measure

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A measure space is complete if every subset of every null set is measurable (and thus has measure zero).

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Product Measure Definition

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The product measure is the measure on the product sigma-algebra generated by the measurable rectangles, such that the measure of each rectangle is the product of the measures of its sides.

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Measurable Rectangle

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A measurable rectangle is the Cartesian product of two measurable sets, each from a space equipped with a sigma-algebra.

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Lebesgue Measure

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The Lebesgue Measure is the standard way of assigning a volume to subsets of nn-dimensional Euclidean space, which generalizes the concept of length, area, and volume.

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Sigma-Finite Spaces

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A measure space is sigma-finite if it can be decomposed into a countable union of sets with finite measure.

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Product Sigma-Algebra

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The product sigma-algebra on a product of two measurable spaces is the smallest sigma-algebra containing all measurable rectangles.

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Sigma-Algebra

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A sigma-algebra is a collection of subsets closed under complementation and countable unions. Required structure for defining a measure.

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Tonelli's Theorem

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Tonelli's Theorem is a relaxation of Fubini's Theorem which allows one to integrate non-negative measurable functions even if the measure spaces are not sigma-finite, by using iterated integrals.

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Carathéodory’s Extension Theorem

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Carathéodory’s Extension Theorem provides a method to extend a pre-measure to a measure on the sigma-algebra generated by the pre-measure’s domain.

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