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The feasible region in integer programming is the set of all integer points that satisfy the constraints of the problem.

Branch and bound is a method for solving integer programming problems that systematically explores branches of a tree of potential solutions to find the optimal integer solution.

Gomory cuts are a type of cutting plane method used to generate integer solutions in a linear programming relaxation by adding constraints to the model.

The objective function in integer programming is linear and aims to maximize or minimize a linear combination of the decision variables.

In integer programming, an integer constraint requires certain variables to take on only integer values.

Combinatorial Optimization is an area of optimization that deals with problems where the objective is to find the best solution from a finite set of solutions, often requiring integer variables.

Total Unimodularity is a property of a matrix wherein every square non-singular submatrix has a determinant of +1, -1, or 0. If constraints matrix in an LP problem is totally unimodular, then its LP relaxation will have an integral optimal solution.

Cutting planes are used in integer programming algorithms to eliminate fractional solutions by adding additional constraints that 'cut off' the non-integer points while preserving the feasible integer points.

The Big M Method is a way to encode certain types of constraints, including integrality constraints, into a linear programming model by adding a sufficiently large constant, known as 'M', to the objective function.