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Asian Folk Music Forms

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Sarangi

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Country of origin: Nepal. Main features: A bowed, short-necked string instrument, renowned for its deep, soulful sound, often used to accompany folk and classical music vocals.

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Enka

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Country of origin: Japan. Main features: A popular music genre resembling traditional Japanese music, marked by its sentimental ballads and melodramatic themes.

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Qawwali

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Country of origin: Pakistan and India. Main features: A form of Sufi devotional music, marked by its powerful vocals and rhythmic percussion, usually includes a group of singers led by a lead vocalist.

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Sephardic

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Country of origin: Jewish communities in Spain and the Mediterranean. Main features: Traditional music of the Sephardic Jews, characterized by its use of Ladino language, Mediterranean rhythms, and Middle Eastern instrumentation.

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Alha

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Country of origin: India. Main features: A ballad form in North and Central India, narrates the heroic tales of the medieval period, usually performed in an open-air gathering with a loud, emphatic vocal style.

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Khene

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Country of origin: Laos. Main features: A traditional Lao mouth organ made from bamboo pipes, it's a polyphonic instrument that can produce melodies and accompaniment simultaneously.

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Sundanese Degung

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Country of origin: Indonesia (West Java). Main features: A type of gamelan music, often instrumental, known for its serene and gentle sound, features suling flutes and a set of gamelan.

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Gagaku

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Country of origin: Japan. Main features: Ancient court music, includes dances called Bugaku, features wind, string, and percussion instruments.

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Gamelan

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Country of origin: Indonesia. Main features: Traditional ensemble music, made up of percussion instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums, and gongs.

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Khyal

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Country of origin: India. Main features: A form of Indian classical singing, known for its improvisational nature, involves complex and elaborate melodic structure.

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Raga

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Country of origin: India. Main features: A framework for melodic structure in Indian classical music, each raga is associated with a specific mood and time of day.

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Morin khuur

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Country of origin: Mongolia. Main features: A traditional bowed stringed instrument, often used in Mongolian folk music, characterized by its rich, resonant sound.

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Jota

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Country of origin: Philippines. Main features: A dance music form that was adapted from Spanish culture, often performed during festive occasions, features expressive movements and lively rhythms.

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Bhatiali

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Country of origin: Bangladesh, India (Bengal). Main features: Folk music traditionally sung by boatmen, characteristically simple and melodious, often reflecting themes of nature and the riverine lifestyle.

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Shashmaqam

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Country of origin: Central Asia (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan). Main features: A musical style that blends elements of Persian and Central Asian music, involves instrumental and vocal pieces built around a set of maqam scales.

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Kawali

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Country of origin: India/Pakistan. Main features: Devotional music of the Sufis, involves a lead singer with chorus backup, characterized by rhythmic clapping.

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Bihu

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Country of origin: India (Assam). Main features: Folk music associated with the Bihu festival, characterized by lively rhythms and festive themes, performed with traditional instruments like the dhol and the pepa.

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Baul

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Country of origin: Bangladesh and India (Bengal). Main features: Music associated with the Baul spiritual movement, characterized by its emotional, soul-seeking songs using instruments like the ektara and dotara.

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Don Ca Tai Tu

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Country of origin: Vietnam. Main features: Traditional chamber music, combines elements from court music and folk music, typically uses instruments such as the đàn bầu and đàn cò.

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Gezai Opera

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Country of origin: Taiwan. Main features: A traditional Taiwanese opera form, known for its use of the Taiwanese dialect, features a combination of singing, speaking, and martial arts.

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Joik

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Country of origin: Sámi people (Northern Europe, including parts of Russia, Finland, Sweden, and Norway). Main features: A traditional form of song, considered one of the oldest continuous musical traditions in Europe, often performed a cappella and mimics the sounds of nature.

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Throat Singing

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Country of origin: Mongolia/Tuva. Main features: Singing with multiple pitches at the same time, utilizing harmonic resonances created by controlling the vocal tract.

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Minyo

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Country of origin: Japan. Main features: Traditional Japanese folk music, consists of regional styles, performed with instruments like the shamisen, shakuhachi, and taiko drums.

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Dangdut

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Country of origin: Indonesia. Main features: Combines Malay, Indian, and Arabic influences, utilizes electric guitar, tabla, and gendang drums.

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Sama

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Country of origin: Sufi communities, esp. in Pakistan and India. Main features: Spiritual music performed as part of Sufi ritual, involving singing, instruments, and sometimes dance.

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Kumi-daiko

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Country of origin: Japan. Main features: Ensemble taiko drumming, involves choreographed movement, known for powerful and diverse rhythms.

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Kulintang

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Country of origin: Philippines. Main features: A traditional ensemble music of the Maguindanao and Maranao peoples, consists of a set of gongs that are horizontally laid out, known for its rhythmic agility.

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Okinawan Folk

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Country of origin: Japan (Okinawa). Main features: Traditional music of the Ryukyu Islands, features unique instruments like the sanshin, known for its lively rhythms and distinctive pentatonic scale.

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Pansori

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Country of origin: Korea. Main features: Narrative vocal music style, performed by a singer and a drummer, characterized by expressive singing and storytelling.

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Dhrupad

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Country of origin: India. Main features: The oldest surviving form of North Indian classical music, characterized by its solemn and disciplined style and long, improvised alap.

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Arirang

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Country of origin: Korea. Main features: A traditional Korean folk song, often considered the unofficial anthem of Korea, varying regional versions exist but the melody is widely recognized by Koreans.

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Filmi

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Country of origin: India. Main features: Music produced for the Indian film industry, often incorporates diverse musical styles and serves as an essential element of Bollywood productions.

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Ghazal

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Country of origin: Iran, South Asia. Main features: Poetic form set to music, often dealing with themes of love, pain, and separation, characterized by a melodious and emotive singing style.

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