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19th century; It's a semi-classical form known for its romantic or devotional themes, relatively short compositions, and adds ornamentation to the melody.

Medieval Period (14th century); A form of devotional music from the Kashmir region that blends local folk traditions with Persian influences in the service of Sufi mystical poetry.

2nd century BC – 17th century AD; Music for the classical dance of Odisha, incorporates a synthesis of music styles, including ancient classical and folk traditions.

19th century to present; Refers to distinct styles of presenting classical music and dance, focused on the unique interpretations, techniques, and repertoire passed down in a musical lineage.

Late medieval period (15th to 17th century); A form of devotional song from Assam, composed by saint reformers in the neo-Vaishnavism movement.

Ancient to Present; A traditional Tamil musical storytelling art form, the narrative is recited with a small bow-like instrument.

Late 19th century; It is similar to Thumri but with a simple 6 beat rhythm cycle, reflects light-classical singing.

Late 18th century; It originated from the folk music of camel riders and is characterized by fast-paced, rhythmic, and often complex melodies.

Early 20th century; A style of Bharatanatyam dance that is expressed through the Pandanallur school, known for its deep-seated adherence to traditional dance and music.

Medieval to Present; It is a form of song in the Carnatic music repertoire. A varṇam is often used as a warm-up piece and helps to develop voice culture and to learn music-grid or raag.

Ancient to Present; A devotional song, often simple, lyrical and expresses love for the divine, used in Hindu worship and ritual practices.

12th century; It is a lyrical poetry composed by Jayadeva for the Gita Govinda, structured into eight couplets and often sung in classical music concerts.

Medieval to Present; A type of composition in Hindustani classical vocal music encapsulating rhythmic syllables (often from Persian or Arabic) in a fast-paced and lively set.

Medieval Period (15th to 16th century); A genre marked by devotional and philosophical poetry set in a melodic framework called raag, accompanied by a drone and rhythm.

Ancient to Present; The term 'tala' refers to the rhythmic pattern of any composition, a cyclic musical meter in Indian music.

Early Modern Period (16th century); A traditional theater form combining dance, music, dialogue, costume, makeup, and stage techniques with a unique style and form, primarily found in Karnataka.

13th century; A form of Sufi devotional music characterized by vigorous rhythmic cycles, repetition of verses, and improvisation.

Late 19th - Early 20th century; Songs written and composed by the Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, cover a wide range of themes.

Antiquity to Present; Framework for melody in Indian music, each raga has a distinct mood, color, and time of day when traditionally performed.

Medieval to Present; It is an improvised section of a raga in Indian classical music presenting the scale, movements, and unique features of a raga without the accompaniment of rhythm.

Originated in the late medieval period; Following the alap, jor introduces rhythm gently and picks up tempo, setting the stage for the main composition.

18th century; A genre of music and dance popular in Maharashtra characterized by powerful rhythms, fast-paced beats, and often suggestive themes.

Late medieval to early modern period (18th century); It allows for flexibility and improvisation, and it emphasizes expressive melodies.

Medieval Period (12th to 18th century); A poetic form consisting of rhyming couplets and a refrain, set to music and often featuring love, loss, and beauty.