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Music Industry Terminology

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Billboard Charts

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A set of lists published by Billboard magazine that rank songs and albums in various categories, based on sales data, radio play, and online streaming.

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Market Share

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The percentage of total sales in an industry generated by a particular company over a specific time period; a measure of a company's size in the marketplace.

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Music Catalog

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A collection of musical works owned or controlled by a company or artist, including all the songs and recordings.

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Booking Agent

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An individual or agency responsible for arranging live performances for artists, including setting the terms and negotiating deals.

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Publishing Rights

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Rights related to the composition and lyrics of a song, different from the recording rights, often held by composers or songwriters or their publishers.

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360 Deal

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A contract between an artist and a record label where the label participates in various revenue streams beyond just music sales, such as touring and merchandising.

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Record Producer

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An individual responsible for overseeing and managing the production and recording of an artist's music.

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DIY Musician

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An independent artist who creates, produces, distributes, and markets their music without the backing of a record label.

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Liner Notes

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Information included with physical copies of music recordings that may include lyrics, credits, artwork, and messages from the artist.

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A&R

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Artists and Repertoire - the division of a record label or music company that is responsible for talent scouting and the artistic and commercial development of the recording artist.

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Major Label

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A large and powerful record label that has a substantial share of the market and usually part of an international conglomerate.

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Breakout Single

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A song that leads to the artist's widespread recognition and often commercial success, sometimes defining their future career.

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Streaming

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A method of delivering and consuming music in real-time over the internet, without the need to download or own the physical or digital copy.

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Sync Placement

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The use of a specific piece of music in a television show, movie, commercial, video game, or other visual media.

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Tour Manager

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An individual responsible for managing logistics, travel, schedules, and other day-to-day affairs while an artist is on tour.

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Master Rights

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The exclusive ownership rights to the original recording of a song or piece of music, typically held by the record company or the artist.

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Demo

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A song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference, used to give an example of an artist's or songwriter’s work.

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Sound Engineer

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A professional who works with the technical aspects of sound during the recording, mixing, and reproduction process.

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Top-line

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The melody and lyrics written over a pre-existing beat or instrumental track, commonly used in electronic music and pop production.

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Ghost Producer

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An individual who produces music for another artist who then releases the music under their own name.

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Side Artist Agreement

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A contract between a featured artist and the primary artist, outlining the terms under which the featured artist’s contributions will be used.

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Royalty

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A payment made to a songwriter or composer for the authorized use of their music, often calculated as a percentage of the revenue generated.

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EP

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Extended Play - a music recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually too short to qualify as a full studio album.

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LP

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Long Play - a format for phonograph records, an older term for a full album, typically referring to vinyl records.

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Remix

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An alternative version of a song, different from the original version by adding, removing, or changing pieces of the original composition.

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Producer Points

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A percentage of royalties awarded to the producer of a record, typically negotiated before the production begins.

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Radio Promotion

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The process of getting an artist's music played on radio stations, often involving a promotional team or specialist.

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Tour Support

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Financial and logistical assistance provided by a record label to an artist for promoting their music through live performances and tours.

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Recoupable

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Describes an advance or expense that will be paid back to the record label from the artist's future earnings before they receive any royalties.

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Soundcheck

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The process before a live performance where musicians and technicians check the setup and sound levels of the instruments and equipment.

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Sync License

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A legal agreement granting permission to synchronize music with visual media, such as advertising, films, TV shows, or video games.

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Independent Label

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A record label that operates without the funding of or association with the major record labels.

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Split Sheet

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A document that outlines the percentage of ownership for each contributor to a song, ensuring proper credit and revenue distribution.

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Merchandising

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The creation and sale of branded goods related to an artist or band, like t-shirts, hats, and posters, as an additional revenue stream.

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Backline

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The equipment, such as amplifiers and drums, set up on stage for a performance, not including the PA system or the instruments themselves.

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Music Video Treatment

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A written proposal for a music video that outlines the concept, style, and storyline of the video as envisioned by a director or creative team.

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Crossfade

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A technique where the sound volume from one song decreases while another increases; often used by DJs to create a seamless transition between tracks.

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Music Licensing

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The process by which music rights holders grant permissions for others to use their music in various forms of media or live performance.

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Mechanical Royalties

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Royalties paid to songwriters and publishers when copies of their work are reproduced, such as CDs, vinyl, or digital downloads.

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Performance Rights Organization (PRO)

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An organization that tracks the use of a songwriter's work and collects performance royalties on their behalf.

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White Label

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A vinyl record with plain white labels typically used to test market a new track or to create promotional copies before official release.

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Buy-On Tour

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A scenario where an artist pays a sum of money to a headlining act to secure a spot as an opening act on their tour.

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Music Publisher

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A company or individual responsible for ensuring that songwriters and composers receive payment for the use of their music.

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Cover Song

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A new performance or recording of a previously recorded, commercially released song by someone other than the original artist or composer.

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Advance

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An upfront payment made to an artist by a record label, against future royalties from album sales, performances, etc.

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Music Supervisor

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A professional responsible for selecting and licensing music to be used in film, TV, and other visual media.

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Venue Capacity

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The maximum number of people that a venue can legally and safely accommodate for a concert or event.

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Digital Service Provider (DSP)

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A company that offers users the legal access and consumption of digital media content, such as Spotify, Apple Music, and Amazon Music.

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Distribution Deal

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An agreement between an artist or record label and a distribution company to get music into stores and online platforms.

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