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History of Western Music
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Renaissance (c. 1400–1600)
Polyphony, Josquin des Prez, Palestrina
Classical (c. 1750–1820)
Balance and clarity, Mozart, Haydn
Baroque (c. 1600–1750)
Ornamentation, J.S. Bach, Handel
Middle Ages (c. 500–1400)
Monophonic chant, neumes notation, Guido of Arezzo
20th Century (1900–2000)
Diversity of styles, Stravinsky, Schoenberg
Early Christian Chant
Ambrosian Chant, Pope Gregory I, Byzantine Chant
Medieval Sacred Music
Gregorian Chant, Hildegard von Bingen, Mass Ordinary
The Venetian School
Polychoral antiphony, Giovanni Gabrieli, Monteverdi
Baroque Opera
Drama through music, Monteverdi, Handel
Minimalism
Repetition, Philip Glass, Steve Reich
Neoclassicism
Back to formality, Stravinsky, Prokofiev
Renaissance Madrigal
Word painting, Thomas Morley, Monteverdi
Baroque Concerto
Contrast between soloist and orchestra, Vivaldi, Corelli
Classical Sonata
Exposition, development, recapitulation, Beethoven, Clementi
The Second Viennese School
Atonality, Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg
Serialism
Twelve-tone technique, Webern, Boulez
Romantic Lieder
Art song, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann
New Complexity
Complex, dense compositions, Brian Ferneyhough, Michael Finnissy
Classical Opera
Bel canto, Mozart, Rossini
Impressionism in Music
Atmosphere, Debussy, Ravel
Music of the Ars Nova
Polyphony, Guillaume de Machaut, Philippe de Vitry
Romantic (c. 1810–1910)
Expression of emotion, Chopin, Wagner
Folk Music Revival
Acoustic, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez
Electronic Music
Use of synthesizers, Stockhausen, Pierre Schaeffer
The Mannheim School
Dynamic contrasts, Stamitz, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
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