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History of Western Music
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Middle Ages (c. 500–1400)
Monophonic chant, neumes notation, Guido of Arezzo
Renaissance (c. 1400–1600)
Polyphony, Josquin des Prez, Palestrina
Baroque (c. 1600–1750)
Ornamentation, J.S. Bach, Handel
Classical (c. 1750–1820)
Balance and clarity, Mozart, Haydn
Romantic (c. 1810–1910)
Expression of emotion, Chopin, Wagner
20th Century (1900–2000)
Diversity of styles, Stravinsky, Schoenberg
Medieval Sacred Music
Gregorian Chant, Hildegard von Bingen, Mass Ordinary
Renaissance Madrigal
Word painting, Thomas Morley, Monteverdi
Baroque Concerto
Contrast between soloist and orchestra, Vivaldi, Corelli
Classical Sonata
Exposition, development, recapitulation, Beethoven, Clementi
Romantic Lieder
Art song, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann
Impressionism in Music
Atmosphere, Debussy, Ravel
The Second Viennese School
Atonality, Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg
Early Christian Chant
Ambrosian Chant, Pope Gregory I, Byzantine Chant
Music of the Ars Nova
Polyphony, Guillaume de Machaut, Philippe de Vitry
The Venetian School
Polychoral antiphony, Giovanni Gabrieli, Monteverdi
The Mannheim School
Dynamic contrasts, Stamitz, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Minimalism
Repetition, Philip Glass, Steve Reich
Neoclassicism
Back to formality, Stravinsky, Prokofiev
New Complexity
Complex, dense compositions, Brian Ferneyhough, Michael Finnissy
Electronic Music
Use of synthesizers, Stockhausen, Pierre Schaeffer
Serialism
Twelve-tone technique, Webern, Boulez
Folk Music Revival
Acoustic, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez
Baroque Opera
Drama through music, Monteverdi, Handel
Classical Opera
Bel canto, Mozart, Rossini
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