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Rhythm and Meter
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Flashcards
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Common Time
Also known as 4/4 time, this meter signature signifies that there are 4 beats per measure and the quarter note gets one beat.
Waltz Time
3/4 time is characterized by have 3 beats per measure, where the quarter note receives one beat.
March Time
2/4 time has 2 beats per measure and the quarter note takes the beat. It is common in marches and polkas.
Six Eight Time
6/8 time signature means there are 6 beats per measure and the eighth note gets one beat, often grouped in sets of three to create a compound feel.
Twelve Eight Time
12/8 is compound quadruple meter with four main beats, each divided into three eighth notes.
Cut Time
Also known as alla breve or 2/2 time, this meter has 2 half-note beats per measure and is considered a faster version of common time.
Seven Four Time
7/4 time signature has 7 beats per measure, with the quarter note receiving one beat, often irregular in feel.
Five Four Time
The 5/4 meter contains 5 beats per measure and the quarter note takes one beat. It often gives an unsettled feeling.
Nine Eight Time
9/8 time is a compound meter with three main beats, each subdivided into three eighth notes.
Syncopation
Syncopation is a rhythmic concept where the accented or emphasized note is played off the main beats of the bar.
Triple Meter
Triple meter consists of three beats per measure, usually with one strong beat followed by two weaker ones.
Duple Meter
Duple meter has two beats per measure, with the first beat being the strong beat and the second being weaker.
Quadruple Meter
Quadruple meter contains four beats per measure, formatted typically as strong-weak-less strong-weak.
Compound Meter
Compound meter divides each beat into three smaller beats, as seen in 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8 time signatures.
Simple Meter
Simple meter divides the main beats into two, such as 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time signatures.
Mixed Meter
Mixed meter refers to music that combines different meters within a piece, often changing from one measure to the next.
Hemiola
Hemiola is a rhythmic pattern where two bars of triple time are articulated as if they were three bars of duple time.
Swing Rhythm
Swing rhythm is found in jazz, where the eighth notes are played with a long-short pattern giving it a 'swung' feel.
Polyrhythm
Polyrhythm occurs when two or more rhythms with different beats are played simultaneously, such as 3 against 2.
Cross Rhythm
Cross rhythm is a specific type of polyrhythm where the rhythmic contrast is stark, such as playing 3 against 4.
Ostinato
Ostinato is a repeated rhythmic pattern throughout a musical piece, creating a sense of continuity and structure.
Additive Rhythm
Additive rhythm is created by concatenating different rhythmic units, often found in Eastern European music.
Quintuple Meter
Quintuple meter has five beats per measure, divided in various ways like 2+3 or 3+2, giving an asymmetric rhythm.
Isorhythm
Isorhythm is a technique used in medieval and Renaissance music where a rhythmic pattern (talea) is repeated throughout a section.
Non-retrogradable Rhythm
Non-retrogradable rhythm is a rhythmic palindrome that reads the same forwards as backwards, used by composer Olivier Messiaen.
Free Rhythm
Free rhythm can be seen in music that is devoid of a clear or regular beat, often found in Gregorian chant and some modern art music.
Bossa Nova Rhythm
Bossa Nova rhythm is based on a samba pattern but played with less emphasis and a more laid-back style, characteristic of bossa nova music.
Flamenco Rhythm
Flamenco rhythm, or 'compás', includes various complex meters like 12/8 with specific accents, fundamental in flamenco music.
Rumba Clave
Rumba clave is a rhythmic pattern used in African and Afro-Cuban music, commonly played in 4/4 time with a 3-2 or 2-3 clave pattern.
Son Clave
Son clave is a key rhythmic pattern in Cuban music, often in a 2-3 or 3-2 clave form spread out over two measures of 4/4.
Second Line Rhythm
Second Line rhythm comes from New Orleans parade music, featuring syncopated and swinging rhythms usually played by brass bands.
Clave Rhythm
Clave rhythm is a fundamental pattern in Afro-Cuban music that provides the rhythmic backbone and is usually played with two wooden sticks.
Soca Rhythm
Soca rhythm combines elements of calypso with Indian musical instruments, often fast-paced and used for dancing during Caribbean carnivals.
Tresillo Rhythm
Tresillo is a rhythm pattern based on three notes, often a core rhythm in African, Cuban and popular dance music.
Funk Rhythm
Funk rhythm is characterized by syncopation, heavy bass lines, and repetitive grooves that create a compelling dance beat.
Cinquillo Pattern
Cinquillo is a rhythmic cell of African origin that consists of a five-note pattern, commonly utilized in Caribbean music.
Reggae One Drop
Reggae One Drop rhythm accentuates the third beat of the measure while omitting the first, creating the characteristic feel of reggae music.
Shuffle Rhythm
Shuffle rhythm is a swing rhythm where divisions of the beat are played as a long-short triplet pattern, giving a shuffled feel.
Fermata
A fermata indicates that the note or rest should be held longer than its notated value, creating a pause in the rhythmic flow.
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