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Rhythm and Meter

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Seven Four Time

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7/4 time signature has 7 beats per measure, with the quarter note receiving one beat, often irregular in feel.

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Duple Meter

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Duple meter has two beats per measure, with the first beat being the strong beat and the second being weaker.

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Nine Eight Time

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9/8 time is a compound meter with three main beats, each subdivided into three eighth notes.

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Mixed Meter

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Mixed meter refers to music that combines different meters within a piece, often changing from one measure to the next.

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Waltz Time

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3/4 time is characterized by have 3 beats per measure, where the quarter note receives one beat.

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Cut Time

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Also known as alla breve or 2/2 time, this meter has 2 half-note beats per measure and is considered a faster version of common time.

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Simple Meter

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Simple meter divides the main beats into two, such as 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time signatures.

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Common Time

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Also known as 4/4 time, this meter signature signifies that there are 4 beats per measure and the quarter note gets one beat.

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Six Eight Time

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6/8 time signature means there are 6 beats per measure and the eighth note gets one beat, often grouped in sets of three to create a compound feel.

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March Time

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2/4 time has 2 beats per measure and the quarter note takes the beat. It is common in marches and polkas.

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Five Four Time

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The 5/4 meter contains 5 beats per measure and the quarter note takes one beat. It often gives an unsettled feeling.

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Syncopation

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Syncopation is a rhythmic concept where the accented or emphasized note is played off the main beats of the bar.

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Triple Meter

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Triple meter consists of three beats per measure, usually with one strong beat followed by two weaker ones.

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Twelve Eight Time

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12/8 is compound quadruple meter with four main beats, each divided into three eighth notes.

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Compound Meter

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Compound meter divides each beat into three smaller beats, as seen in 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8 time signatures.

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Quadruple Meter

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Quadruple meter contains four beats per measure, formatted typically as strong-weak-less strong-weak.

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Fermata

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A fermata indicates that the note or rest should be held longer than its notated value, creating a pause in the rhythmic flow.

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Soca Rhythm

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Soca rhythm combines elements of calypso with Indian musical instruments, often fast-paced and used for dancing during Caribbean carnivals.

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Cross Rhythm

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Cross rhythm is a specific type of polyrhythm where the rhythmic contrast is stark, such as playing 3 against 4.

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Ostinato

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Ostinato is a repeated rhythmic pattern throughout a musical piece, creating a sense of continuity and structure.

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Tresillo Rhythm

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Tresillo is a rhythm pattern based on three notes, often a core rhythm in African, Cuban and popular dance music.

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Polyrhythm

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Polyrhythm occurs when two or more rhythms with different beats are played simultaneously, such as 3 against 2.

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Quintuple Meter

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Quintuple meter has five beats per measure, divided in various ways like 2+3 or 3+2, giving an asymmetric rhythm.

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Bossa Nova Rhythm

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Bossa Nova rhythm is based on a samba pattern but played with less emphasis and a more laid-back style, characteristic of bossa nova music.

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Hemiola

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Hemiola is a rhythmic pattern where two bars of triple time are articulated as if they were three bars of duple time.

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Funk Rhythm

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Funk rhythm is characterized by syncopation, heavy bass lines, and repetitive grooves that create a compelling dance beat.

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Swing Rhythm

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Swing rhythm is found in jazz, where the eighth notes are played with a long-short pattern giving it a 'swung' feel.

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Son Clave

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Son clave is a key rhythmic pattern in Cuban music, often in a 2-3 or 3-2 clave form spread out over two measures of 4/4.

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Shuffle Rhythm

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Shuffle rhythm is a swing rhythm where divisions of the beat are played as a long-short triplet pattern, giving a shuffled feel.

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Clave Rhythm

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Clave rhythm is a fundamental pattern in Afro-Cuban music that provides the rhythmic backbone and is usually played with two wooden sticks.

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Isorhythm

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Isorhythm is a technique used in medieval and Renaissance music where a rhythmic pattern (talea) is repeated throughout a section.

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Non-retrogradable Rhythm

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Non-retrogradable rhythm is a rhythmic palindrome that reads the same forwards as backwards, used by composer Olivier Messiaen.

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Reggae One Drop

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Reggae One Drop rhythm accentuates the third beat of the measure while omitting the first, creating the characteristic feel of reggae music.

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Additive Rhythm

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Additive rhythm is created by concatenating different rhythmic units, often found in Eastern European music.

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Flamenco Rhythm

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Flamenco rhythm, or 'compás', includes various complex meters like 12/8 with specific accents, fundamental in flamenco music.

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Rumba Clave

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Rumba clave is a rhythmic pattern used in African and Afro-Cuban music, commonly played in 4/4 time with a 3-2 or 2-3 clave pattern.

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Free Rhythm

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Free rhythm can be seen in music that is devoid of a clear or regular beat, often found in Gregorian chant and some modern art music.

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Second Line Rhythm

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Second Line rhythm comes from New Orleans parade music, featuring syncopated and swinging rhythms usually played by brass bands.

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Cinquillo Pattern

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Cinquillo is a rhythmic cell of African origin that consists of a five-note pattern, commonly utilized in Caribbean music.

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