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Musical Terms 101

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Allegro

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A fast, lively tempo.

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Forte

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A dynamic marking indicating to play loud or strong.

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Crescendo

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Gradually increasing in volume.

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Staccato

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Notes played in a detached, separated manner.

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Adagio

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A tempo marking indicating slow and leisurely pace.

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Legato

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Smooth and connected style of playing.

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Da Capo (D.C.)

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From the beginning; an indication to repeat from the start of the piece.

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Diminuendo

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Gradually decreasing in volume.

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Sforzando (sfz)

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A sudden, forceful accent.

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Andante

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A moderate walking tempo.

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Fermata

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To hold a note or rest longer than its normal duration.

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Mezzo Forte

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A dynamic marking indicating moderately loud.

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Piano

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A dynamic marking indicating to play softly or quietly.

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Pizzicato

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Plucking the strings of a string instrument rather than using the bow.

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Fortissimo

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A dynamic marking indicating very loud.

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Pianissimo

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A dynamic marking indicating very softly.

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Ritardando

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Gradually slowing down the tempo.

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Accelerando

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Gradually increasing the tempo.

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Fine

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The end of a piece or a section.

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Glissando

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A continuous slide upward or downward between two notes.

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Largo

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Very slow and broad tempo.

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Molto

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Very or much; typically used to augment another term.

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Sostenuto

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Sustained, or played in a manner that gives an elongated effect to the notes.

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Vivace

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A tempo marking indicating lively and fast.

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Con Moto

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With movement; a directive to play with motion or to move the music forward.

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Marcato

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Played with emphasis or marked accentuation.

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Subito

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Suddenly or immediately; often used to indicate an abrupt change.

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Coda

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The concluding passage of a piece or movement.

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Trill

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A musical ornament consisting of the rapid alternation between two adjacent notes.

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Scherzando

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Playful or joking; often found in music with a light or playful character.

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Lento

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A tempo marking indicating a slow pace.

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Mezzo Piano

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A dynamic marking indicating moderately soft.

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Rallentando

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Gradually slowing down the tempo; similar to ritardando.

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Dolce

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Sweetly and softly; often indicates a gentle, tender quality.

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Presto

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A very fast tempo.

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Simile

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In the same way; indicates the continuation of a technique or articulation.

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Grave

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Very slow and solemn tempo.

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Da Capo al Fine

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From the beginning to the end; indicates a repetition from the beginning of the piece up to the word 'Fine'.

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Maestro

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A title of respect used for a distinguished musician, typically a conductor or teacher.

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Espressivo

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Play with expression, conveying emotion or feeling.

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Rubato

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Flexible in tempo, involving subtle speeding up and slowing down of the music.

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Piu

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More, as in piu forte (louder) or piu lento (slower).

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Tempo Primo

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Return to the original tempo after a deviation.

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Appoggiatura

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A non-harmonic note that resolves into a harmonic note, creating a dissonant effect temporarily.

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Dal Segno (D.S.)

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From the sign; an indication to return to a marked place in the music.

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Poco a Poco

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Little by little; indicates a gradual change in tempo or dynamics.

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Tenuto

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To hold a note for its full value or slightly more; can indicate stress or emphasis.

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Allegretto

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A tempo mark slightly slower than Allegro but faster than Andante.

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Cantabile

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In a singing style; lyrical and flowing.

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Meno

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Less, as in meno mosso (less movement) or meno forte (less loud).

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Pesante

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Heavy and firm; indicates a weighty, solid manner of performance.

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