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Italian Musical Terms for Violin
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Staccato
Notes played in a detached and distinct manner, with each note sharply separated from the others.
Glissando
A continuous slide upward or downward between two notes.
Detache
A style of playing where each note is played with a separate bow stroke, but unlike staccato, the notes are connected smoothly.
Con Sordino
Playing with a mute affixed to the bridge, which softens the sound and adds a subdued, veiled quality.
Sul Tasto
Playing over the fingerboard to produce a soft, flutelike sound.
Pizzicato
Plucking the strings with a finger instead of using the bow.
Legato
A smooth and connected style of playing without any noticeable breaks between the notes.
Vibrato
A technique where the player oscillates the pitch of a note to add warmth and expression.
Spiccato
A bowing technique where the bow bounces lightly off the string.
Ricochet
Dropping the bow onto the string to create a series of rapid, bouncing strokes.
Sautillé
A very fast, bouncing bow technique where the bow is allowed to bounce lightly upon the string.
Sordellina
A specific type of mute used on the violin, often smaller and lighter than a typical mute.
Col Legno
A technique where the string is struck with the wood of the bow rather than the hair.
Arco
The use of the bow to play the violin, which is the standard method of producing sound.
Portato
A bowing technique similar to legato, but with a slight articulation between the notes to create gentle separation.
Double Stop
Playing two notes simultaneously on different strings.
Tremolo
A technique of moving the bow back and forth rapidly to create a trembling effect.
Martelé
A bowing technique creating a hammered and accented note, with a crisp beginning and clear stop.
Sul Ponticello
Playing close to the bridge of the violin to produce a glassy, metallic, and intense sound.
Flautando
A technique which produces a flute-like sound by bowing lightly over the fingerboard.
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