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Gradually increase the volume of the music by applying more bow pressure and speed. Commonly used in emotional or climax parts of a piece.

Play notes smoothly and connected by maintaining constant bow pressure and avoiding stops between strokes. Used in melodies to create a flowing sound.

Play near the bridge to produce a tinny, metallic sound. This technique is used for special effects and contemporary music passages.

Play with the bow over the fingerboard to produce a softer, more flutelike sound. Sul tasto is used to create ethereal or delicate passages.

Strike the strings with the wood of the bow instead of the hair. Creates a percussive effect used for avant-garde or special effect purposes.

Pluck the strings with a finger instead of using the bow. Pizzicato provides a percussive effect that can highlight rhythmic motifs.

Produce a hammered stroke by starting with a firm bow grip and then releasing the pressure. Martelé adds accentuation to particular notes for emphasis.

Play two strings simultaneously by carefully positioning the bow to hit both. Double stops create harmony and add texture to the music.

Bounce the bow lightly on the strings for short, crisp notes. Spiccato is effective in lively and spirited sections of music.

Play separate bows for each note with a clean stop between them to ensure clarity. Detache is essential for learning bow control and articulation.

Create a slight variation in pitch by oscillating the left hand while holding down a note. Vibrato enhances the warmth and richness of sustained notes.

Rapidly alternate between two adjacent notes to create a fluttering sound effect. Trills are often used for ornamentation in Baroque and Classical music.

Slide between two notes on the same string to connect them musically. Portamentos add expressiveness and emotion to transitions.

Gradually decrease the volume by lessening bow pressure and slowing down the speed. Often found in resolutions or endings of musical phrases.