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Pizzicato is plucking the strings with fingers instead of using the bow. It's often used to add a light, percussive quality to the music.

To play sul ponticello, bow near the bridge to produce a tense, metallic sound. It's often used for eerie or intense musical moments.

Détaché is a straightforward bowing technique where each note is played with a separate bow stroke. Used for a variety of music, it's the foundation for articulating separate notes.

For staccato, play notes sharply and detached by stopping the bow briefly after each stroke. Use it to add rhythm and crisp articulation to passages.

Tremolo is a rapid back-and-forth movement of the bow on the string, creating a shimmering effect. Use it to build tension or suspense in the music.

Martelé is characterized by a strong, hammered stroke, starting with a stationary bow that is then released with force. It adds emphasis and attack to the beginning of a note.

To perform vibrato, rock the finger back and forth on the string, varying the pitch slightly. Use it to add warmth and emotional intensity to a note.

Playing sul tasto means bowing over the fingerboard to create a soft, flutelike sound. Use it for ethereal or ghostly musical effects.

Playing harmonics involves lightly touching the string at certain points to create high-pitched overtones. Use them to add a crystalline texture or to highlight pitch points.

Spiccato involves bouncing the bow on the string, creating light, articulated notes. Use it in lively, rhythmic passages.

Portamento is a smooth glide from one note to another, emphasizing the connection between the pitches. Use it to express emotional transitions between notes.

Col legno is achieved by striking the strings with the wood of the bow rather than the hair. Use col legno for unique percussive effects.

Playing double stops involves bowing two strings simultaneously to produce a chord. They are used for harmonic richness and textural complexity.

Sautillé is a bouncing bow technique, faster than spiccato, resulting in a controlled ricochet across the strings. Use it for lively and light passages.