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Playing double stops involves bowing two strings simultaneously to produce a chord. They are used for harmonic richness and textural complexity.

Playing harmonics involves lightly touching the string at certain points to create high-pitched overtones. Use them to add a crystalline texture or to highlight pitch points.

Playing sul tasto means bowing over the fingerboard to create a soft, flutelike sound. Use it for ethereal or ghostly musical effects.

Sautillé is a bouncing bow technique, faster than spiccato, resulting in a controlled ricochet across the strings. Use it for lively and light passages.

For staccato, play notes sharply and detached by stopping the bow briefly after each stroke. Use it to add rhythm and crisp articulation to passages.

Col legno is achieved by striking the strings with the wood of the bow rather than the hair. Use col legno for unique percussive effects.

Spiccato involves bouncing the bow on the string, creating light, articulated notes. Use it in lively, rhythmic passages.

Tremolo is a rapid back-and-forth movement of the bow on the string, creating a shimmering effect. Use it to build tension or suspense in the music.

To perform vibrato, rock the finger back and forth on the string, varying the pitch slightly. Use it to add warmth and emotional intensity to a note.

Pizzicato is plucking the strings with fingers instead of using the bow. It's often used to add a light, percussive quality to the music.

Legato playing involves smoothly transitioning from note to note without breaks. Achieve this by using a continuous bowing technique. Use it to create a flowing, connected musical line.

To play sul ponticello, bow near the bridge to produce a tense, metallic sound. It's often used for eerie or intense musical moments.

Portamento is a smooth glide from one note to another, emphasizing the connection between the pitches. Use it to express emotional transitions between notes.

Détaché is a straightforward bowing technique where each note is played with a separate bow stroke. Used for a variety of music, it's the foundation for articulating separate notes.