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Fragmentation refers to the breakdown of plot, character, and narrative structure. It reflects the postmodern view that reality is not coherent but rather fragmented. Example: 'The Bald Soprano' by Eugène Ionesco showcases a fragmented narrative structure.

Deconstruction involves taking apart traditional structures and exposing their assumptions and contradictions. It's a philosophical approach that can be applied to theatre to reveal layers of meaning. Example: 'The America Play' by Suzan-Lori Parks utilizes deconstruction.

This refers to the manipulation of time within a narrative, such as non-linear timelines or merging past, present, and future. Example: 'Top Girls' by Caryl Churchill features a non-linear timeline and temporal distortion.

A pastiche is a work of visual art, literature, theatre, or music that imitates the style or character of the work of one or more other artists. Unlike parody, pastiche celebrates, rather than mocks, the work it imitates. Example: The musical 'Urinetown' employs a pastiche of musical styles from other shows.

Hyperreality in postmodern theatre refers to the inability to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality. It is often achieved through technology and multimedia. Example: 'The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time' uses multimedia to create a hyperrealistic experience.

Multi-narrative refers to the use of several storylines that may or may not be connected, allowing for multiple perspectives and interpretations. Example: 'Arcadia' by Tom Stoppard features interconnected narratives across different time periods.

Intertextuality in postmodern theatre refers to the shaping of a text's meaning by another text. It involves the interconnection between various literary pieces and other cultural elements within a performance. Example: The play 'Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead' by Tom Stoppard is an example of intertextuality as it references Shakespeare's 'Hamlet'.

Parody in postmodern theatre is used to imitate and ridicule the conventions of a particular genre or piece of work. Example: 'The Mystery of Irma Vep' is a gothic parody that mocks Victorian melodrama.

Meta-theatre is a form of self-reflexive theatre in which the production makes the audience aware that it is watching a play. It often comments on itself and its own production process. Example: 'Six Characters in Search of an Author' by Luigi Pirandello uses meta-theatrical techniques.

In postmodern theatre, irony is often used to question traditional narratives and structures, frequently employing sarcasm and paradox to undermine expectations. Example: 'Waiting for Godot' by Samuel Beckett often employs irony to challenge established norms.

A simulacrum is an imitation or reproduction that becomes dissociated from the reality or source it represents. In postmodern theatre, this may involve characters that are representations of representations. Example: 'Fefu and Her Friends' by María Irene Fornés involves characters that act as simulacra.