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Theatre Movements of the 20th Century
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Flashcards
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Naturalism
Focused on realism, everyday life, and socio-economic issues. Influential figures include Émile Zola and Konstantin Stanislavski.
Symbolism
Emphasized the expression of ideas and emotions over realistic representations, using metaphorical imagery. Influential figures include Maurice Maeterlinck and Paul Fort.
Futurism
Celebrated technology, violence, and modernity; sought to destroy older forms of culture. Influential figures include Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Fortunato Depero.
Dada
Focused on the absurd, the nonsensical, and the anti-art sentiment; a response to World War I. Influential figures include Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball.
Expressionism
Sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality; characterized by distorted and dreamlike scenes. Influential figures include Ernst Toller and Georg Kaiser.
Epic Theatre
Developed by Bertolt Brecht, aimed to incite social change; used techniques like the alienation effect to prevent audience emotional involvement. Influential figures include Bertolt Brecht and Erwin Piscator.
Absurdist Theatre
Explored the absurdity of human existence, often with circular or nonsensical dialogue and plot. Influential figures include Samuel Beckett and Eugène Ionesco.
Theatre of Cruelty
Developed by Antonin Artaud, this movement sought to shock the audience and disturb the senses, rejecting conventional theatre forms. Influential figures include Antonin Artaud.
Kitchen Sink Drama
Focused on the domestic lives of the working class, featuring everyday domestic crises. Influential figures include John Osborne and Arnold Wesker.
Postmodern Theatre
Characterized by fragmentation, contradiction, and an inclination towards pastiche. Influential figures include Robert Wilson and Richard Foreman.
Physical Theatre
Emphasizes the use of physical movement, as opposed to, or combined with, text to convey story, emotion, and meaning. Influential figures include Jerzy Grotowski and Pina Bausch.
Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed
Based on the idea that theatre can be used as a tool for social and political change; emphasizes audience interaction and participation. Influential figures include Augusto Boal.
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