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Animal Testing and Rights
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In Vivo Testing
The use of whole, living organisms in research to test drugs, procedures, and the effects of diseases. Ethical viewpoints include concerns over animal welfare and the necessity for scientific progress.
Animal Welfare Act
US legislation aimed at regulating the treatment of animals in research and exhibition. Ethical perspectives range from support for providing baseline welfare standards to criticism for not including all animals.
Speciesism
The assumption of human superiority leading to the exploitation of animals. Ethically, it is challenged by animal rights proponents who argue for a consideration of the interests of all sentient beings.
Alternative Methods
Non-animal testing techniques such as in vitro testing, computer models, and human volunteers. The ethical standpoint often regards these as humane and effective ways to reduce or replace animal testing.
Three Rs
A set of principles that guide scientists on how to reduce, refine, and replace the use of animals in research. The ethical viewpoint supports minimizing the impact on animals and seeking alternative methods.
Utilitarianism in Animal Testing
A philosophy that endorses actions that maximize overall happiness or utility, which can justify animal testing if it leads to a greater good. Ethical opponents argue that it undermines the intrinsic value of animal life.
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