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Consent in Medical Practice
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Implied Consent
Implied consent refers to an assumption of permission to provide healthcare services based on the context, such as a patient presenting themselves for treatment. It's often used in emergencies where explicit consent cannot be obtained.
Explicit Consent
Explicit consent is clearly and unmistakably stated, rather than implied. It can be given orally or in writing, and is essential for procedures that involve significant risk or deviations from standard care.
Presumed Consent
Presumed consent is a legal policy where individuals are considered willing to be organ donors unless they have registered a desire not to be. It's ethically contentious as it assumes consent where explicit consent has not been given.
Informed Consent
Informed consent is a process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about their health care. It involves the duty of the medical practitioner to disclose information and the patient's right to accept or decline the medical intervention.
Assent
Assent involves the agreement of someone not able to give legal consent (e.g., a child) to participate in the decision-making process. It's ethical for care providers to seek assent to respect developing autonomy.
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