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Considered the father of existentialism, focused on subjective human experience, the concept of 'leap of faith', and the 'three stages of life' (aesthetic, ethical, and religious).

Developed the ideas of the 'will to power', the 'Übermensch' and the 'eternal recurrence', and declared 'God is Dead' to reflect the crisis of the modern world.

Famously declared 'Existence precedes essence', emphasized individual freedom and responsibility, and popularized the term 'bad faith'.

His concept of 'Dasein' and analysis of 'being' influenced existential philosophy, along with his works on anxiety, authenticity, and the 'They'.

Made significant contributions to feminist existentialism, outlined the ethics of ambiguity, and discussed the concept of the 'Other'.

This Danish philosopher emphasized the importance of the individual and the significance of making personal choices.

Explored the concept of 'the Absurd' and man's futile search for meaning, freedom, and immortality. Known for works like 'The Stranger' and 'The Myth of Sisyphus'.

Spanish essayist, novelist, and philosopher who dealt with the individual's search for faith, immortality, and the tragic sense of life.

His novels explored existential themes, including free will, morality, and the existence of God, confronting characters with moral dilemmas.

He introduced concepts like 'limit situations' and philosophical faith, emphasizing the importance of personal choice and the existential 'leap'.

Addressed the idea of the 'courage to be', where individuals assert their existence against nonbeing and existential threats.

French philosopher known for his ideas related to human dignity, freedom, and the mystery of being.

Russian existential philosopher who emphasized the irrational in human existence, critiqued rationalism and systematization in philosophy.

Jewish philosopher whose work 'The Star of Redemption' is noted for its existential interpretation of Judaism and critique of Western philosophy.