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Nietzsche's Key Ideas

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Übermensch, or Overman.

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The Übermensch is an idealized individual who has transcended conventional morality to create new values, signifying the potential future evolution of humanity.

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Will to power.

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The will to power is Nietzsche's concept for the fundamental drive of human beings, beyond mere survival or pleasure, influencing their actions, thoughts, and feelings.

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Eternal recurrence.

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The concept of eternal recurrence posits that the universe and our lives will recur in the same fashion infinitely, offering a test to embrace life unconditionally.

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God is dead.

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Nietzsche proclaimed the 'death of God' to signify the decline of belief in the Christian God, challenging the foundations of Western morality and culture.

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The revaluation of all values.

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This process involves critically examining and often reversing traditional moral values, seeking to establish a new hierarchy rooted in life-affirming principles.

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The concept of 'Ressentiment'.

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Ressentiment is a psychological state resulting from suppressed feelings of envy and hatred, and the inability to act upon them, leading to the creation of morality as a reaction.

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The Last Man.

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The Last Man represents the mediocrity of modern human existence, lacking aspirations and content with comfort, serving as a foil for the Übermensch.

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The Apollonian and Dionysian.

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Nietzsche distinguishes between Apollonian (order, rationality) and Dionysian (chaos, emotion) aspects of human experience, advocating for a balance between the two.

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Amor fati.

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Amor fati, meaning 'love of fate', denotes Nietzsche's acceptance and embrace of life's events as necessary components of existence and personal growth.

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Perspectivism.

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Nietzsche's idea that all knowledge is interpretive, and there are no objective truths, only different perspectives informed by an individual's life and culture.

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Master-slave morality.

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Nietzsche contrasts master morality, which values pride and power, with slave morality, which values kindness and humility, historically rooted in the resentment of the oppressed.

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The genealogy of morals.

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Nietzsche's historical analysis of the origins of moral concepts, which he argues arise from the interplay of human psychology, culture, and power dynamics.

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The affirmation of life.

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Nietzsche promotes the idea that one should affirm life in all its aspects, including suffering and tragedy, as an expression of the will to power.

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Transvaluation of values.

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Transvaluation refers to Nietzsche's call for the transformation of moral values through the re-assessment of their worth in the service of life and power.

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Nihilism and its challenges.

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Nietzsche discusses nihilism as the result of the death of God and the devaluation of the highest values, while also working to overcome it through revaluation.

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Autonomy and self-creation.

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Nietzsche values the autonomy of the individual in creating their own identity and values, rejecting external impositions of morality or purpose.

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The herd instinct.

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Nietzsche criticizes the tendency of people to conform to group norms and morality, which he believes stifles individuality and the development of personal values.

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