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Nietzsche's Key Ideas
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Übermensch, or Overman.
The Übermensch is an idealized individual who has transcended conventional morality to create new values, signifying the potential future evolution of humanity.
Will to power.
The will to power is Nietzsche's concept for the fundamental drive of human beings, beyond mere survival or pleasure, influencing their actions, thoughts, and feelings.
Eternal recurrence.
The concept of eternal recurrence posits that the universe and our lives will recur in the same fashion infinitely, offering a test to embrace life unconditionally.
God is dead.
Nietzsche proclaimed the 'death of God' to signify the decline of belief in the Christian God, challenging the foundations of Western morality and culture.
The revaluation of all values.
This process involves critically examining and often reversing traditional moral values, seeking to establish a new hierarchy rooted in life-affirming principles.
The concept of 'Ressentiment'.
Ressentiment is a psychological state resulting from suppressed feelings of envy and hatred, and the inability to act upon them, leading to the creation of morality as a reaction.
The Last Man.
The Last Man represents the mediocrity of modern human existence, lacking aspirations and content with comfort, serving as a foil for the Übermensch.
The Apollonian and Dionysian.
Nietzsche distinguishes between Apollonian (order, rationality) and Dionysian (chaos, emotion) aspects of human experience, advocating for a balance between the two.
Amor fati.
Amor fati, meaning 'love of fate', denotes Nietzsche's acceptance and embrace of life's events as necessary components of existence and personal growth.
Perspectivism.
Nietzsche's idea that all knowledge is interpretive, and there are no objective truths, only different perspectives informed by an individual's life and culture.
Master-slave morality.
Nietzsche contrasts master morality, which values pride and power, with slave morality, which values kindness and humility, historically rooted in the resentment of the oppressed.
The genealogy of morals.
Nietzsche's historical analysis of the origins of moral concepts, which he argues arise from the interplay of human psychology, culture, and power dynamics.
The affirmation of life.
Nietzsche promotes the idea that one should affirm life in all its aspects, including suffering and tragedy, as an expression of the will to power.
Transvaluation of values.
Transvaluation refers to Nietzsche's call for the transformation of moral values through the re-assessment of their worth in the service of life and power.
Nihilism and its challenges.
Nietzsche discusses nihilism as the result of the death of God and the devaluation of the highest values, while also working to overcome it through revaluation.
Autonomy and self-creation.
Nietzsche values the autonomy of the individual in creating their own identity and values, rejecting external impositions of morality or purpose.
The herd instinct.
Nietzsche criticizes the tendency of people to conform to group norms and morality, which he believes stifles individuality and the development of personal values.
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