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Sartre and Existence
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Freedom and responsibility
In Sartre's existentialism, humans are condemned to be free, meaning that they have no choice but to make choices, and must accept the responsibility that comes with this freedom, highlighting existentialism's focus on individual autonomy.
The Other and the Look
Sartre posits that the awareness of another person's perspective can limit one's sense of freedom, leading to feelings of objectification and loss of self. This concept explores the existentialist concern for individual consciousness and self-awareness.
Bad faith (mauvaise foi)
Bad faith is the act of deceiving oneself to avoid acknowledging the full extent of one's freedom and responsibility. Sartre's philosophy holds this self-deception as unethical, reflecting existentialism's mandate for authenticity.
The Absurd
While more closely associated with Albert Camus, the concept of the Absurd complements Sartre's existentialism. It's the conflict between human tendency to seek inherent value and the silent, indifferent universe, underscoring the existentialist call to create one's own meaning amidst the Absurd.
Existence precedes essence
According to Sartre, individuals are not born with a predetermined essence or purpose; rather, they create their own essence through actions and decisions, reflecting the existentialist emphasis on freedom and personal responsibility.
Nothingness (Le néant)
Sartre's concept of nothingness refers to the idea that there is no inherent meaning or essence in the world, forcing individuals to confront the void and create meaning through their choices, resonating with existentialism's challenge to find personal meaning in a meaning-less universe.
Authenticity
Authenticity in Sartre's philosophy entails living in a way that is true to one's own freedom and values, without succumbing to societal pressures, articulating the existentialist pursuit of living an authentic life despite inherent meaninglessness.
Anguish (L'angoisse)
Sartre describes anguish as the feeling experienced when realizing the burden of one's total freedom and the lack of external guidelines in making choices, which emphasizes the existentialist theme of the inherent anxiety in human freedom.
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