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Derrida and Phenomenology
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Deconstruction
Derrida's approach of deconstruction criticizes phenomenology for its attempt to access a pure, pre-linguistic experience of presence. He argues that meaning is always deferred, which phenomenology fails to accommodate.
Voice and Phenomenon
In his work 'Voice and Phenomenon', Derrida critiques Husserl's prioritization of the voice (speech) as the medium closest to thought, revealing the dependency of speech on writing and thus challenging phenomenology's primacy of perception.
Trace Structure
Derrida's concept of trace undermines the phenomenological focus on presence, as it suggests that any element's identity is established through the trace of another, highlighting the absence at the heart of presence.
Logocentrism
Derrida critiques phenomenology's logocentric tendency, which posits an ideal central presence (e.g., consciousness, the self) as the source of meaning, ignoring the role of writing and difference.
Phenomenological Reduction
Derrida argues that Husserl's method of phenomenological reduction, which seeks to isolate the essence of phenomena, is impossible as it assumes the possibility of full presence and absolute intuition.
Presence
According to Derrida, phenomenology's focus on the self-presence of consciousness overlooks the fundamental instability and temporality of presence, which is always constituted through absence.
Différance
Derrida introduces the concept of différance to demonstrate how meaning is delayed and differentiated, challenging phenomenology's emphasis on immediate experience and presence.
The Metaphysics of Presence
Derrida's critique centers on what he calls the 'metaphysics of presence', inherent in phenomenology, which privileges presence, immediacy, and unity over absence, delay, and difference.
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