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Existential Themes in Phenomenology
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The Other
This concept revolves around the presence and recognition of others in the world, which phenomenologically shapes our own experience and being. In the encounter with the Other, the self is both revealed and hidden, leading to an intersubjective dimension in existence.
Facticity
Facticity refers to the concrete details against the background of which human freedom exists. It encompasses all those properties that we cannot change (e.g., our past, birthplace, etc.). Phenomenologically, it highlights the tension between freedom and given circumstances.
Intentionality
In phenomenology, intentionality refers to the directedness of consciousness, where every mental phenomenon is directed at an object or state of affairs in the world.
Alienation
Alienation refers to the experience of becoming estranged from oneself or the essence of one's being. From a phenomenological perspective, alienation is investigated in terms of how individuals become disconnected from their authentic potentialities through societal pressures or self-deception.
Transcendence
In the existential context, transcendence refers to the aspect of human existence that goes beyond mere factual being or existence. From a phenomenological stance, it is the act of surpassing the given to reach towards possibilities.
Being-in-the-world (Dasein)
A central concept in Heidegger's phenomenology where existence is understood as being fundamentally entangled with the world. Unlike traditional Cartesian dualism, this concept emphasizes the inseparability of subject and world.
Fallenness
Fallenness describes the state of being absorbed in the trivial, everyday aspects of life, thus losing oneself in the 'they'. It highlights a departure from authenticity, which phenomenologically speaks to the tendency of drifting away from conscious, engaged existence.
Freedom
Freedom, in existential terms, is the acknowledgment of one's role as the creator of meaning within an indifferent world. Phenomenologically, it involves a direct confrontation with choice and the weight of its consequences on the individual's existence.
Death
Death is an inescapable condition that marks the finitude of human existence. Phenomenologically, it stands as the ultimate possibility and the horizon against which life is understood and meaning is constituted.
The Absurd
In the context of existential phenomenology, the Absurd refers to the conflict between the human tendency to seek inherent value and meaning in life, and the silent, indifferent universe. Camus uses this to explore the theme of embracing life in spite of its inherent meaninglessness.
Angst (Existential Anxiety)
Angst signifies a profound feeling of unease or anxiety in the face of life's inherent uncertainty and absence of absolute value. Phenomenologically, it serves as a catalyst for authentic existence by confronting the individual with the freedom and the responsibility of choice.
Authenticity
Heidegger's notion of authenticity involves living in a way that is true to one's own self and potentials, as opposed to conforming to the impersonal 'they'. Phenomenologically, it involves a conscious recognition and acceptance of one's existential freedom and responsibility.
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