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Rationalism emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge, in contrast to phenomenology which centers on lived experience and intentionality.

Existentialism deals with individual existence, freedom, and choice. Phenomenology is foundational to existentialism but less focused on subjective meaning-making and more on descriptive experience.

Hermeneutics is the study of interpretation, especially of texts. Phenomenology influenced hermeneutics but is more directly concerned with consciousness and the experience of phenomena.

Structuralism analyzes cultural phenomena as part of larger systems or structures, unlike phenomenology, which is more interested in the individual and direct experiences.

Empiricism focuses on knowledge through sensory experience, whereas phenomenology prioritizes consciousness and direct experiences of phenomena.

Logical positivism affirms that only analytic statements and empirically verifiable statements are meaningful, while phenomenology asserts the importance of subjective experience.

Pragmatism is concerned with the practical implications of ideas and the utility of beliefs, contrasting with phenomenology’s dedication to the study of consciousness and phenomena as they appear.

Neo-Kantianism revives Kant’s emphasis on the structures of knowledge, as opposed to phenomenology’s study of the structures of consciousness and direct phenomena.

Marxism is concerned with societal structures, materialism, and class struggle, whereas phenomenology focuses on individual consciousness and the subjective experience of phenomena.